https://zenodo.org/record/1197134/files/Elsevier%20paper-AAM-20180302.pdf

Silicon based lithium-ion battery anodes: A chronicle perspective review

Energy storage devices that can deliver high powers have many applications, including hybrid vehicles and renewable energy. Much research has focused on increasing the power output of lithium batteries by reducing lithium-ion diffusion distances, but outputs remain far below those of electrochemical capacitors and below the levels required for many applications. Here, we report an alternative approach based on the redox reactions of functional groups on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes. Layer-by-layer techniques are used to assemble an electrode that consists of additive-free, densely packed and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrode, which is several micrometres thick, can store lithium up to a reversible gravimetric capacity of approximately 200 mA h g(-1)(electrode) while also delivering 100 kW kg(electrode)(-1) of power and providing lifetimes in excess of thousands of cycles, both of which are comparable to electrochemical capacitor electrodes. A device using the nanotube electrode as the positive electrode and lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode had a gravimetric energy approximately 5 times higher than conventional electrochemical capacitors and power delivery approximately 10 times higher than conventional lithium-ion batteries.

High-Power Lithium Batteries from Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

A novel type of hierarchical nanocomposites consisted of MoS2 nanosheet coating on the self-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays is successfully prepared by a facile combination of anodization and hydrothermal methods. The MoS2 nanosheets are uniformly decorated on the tube top surface and the intertubular voids with film appearance changing from brown to black color. Anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) with clean top surfaces and the appropriate amount of MoS2 precursors are key to the growth of perfect compositing TiO2 @MoS2 hybrids with significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity and photocurrent response. These results reveal that the strategy provides a flexible and straightforward route for design and preparation nanocomposites based on functional semiconducting nanostructures with 1D self-ordered TiO2 NTAs, promising for new opportunities in energy/environment applications, including photocatalysts and other photovoltaic devices.

Hierarchical MoS2 Nanosheet@TiO2 Nanotube Array Composites with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photocurrent Performances.

Alternative energy technologies are greatly hindered by significant limitations in materials science. From low activity to poor stability, and from mineral scarcity to high cost, the current materials are not able to cope with the significant challenges of clean energy technologies. However, recent advances in the preparation of nanomaterials, porous solids, and nanostructured solids are providing hope in the race for a better, cleaner energy production. The present contribution critically reviews the development and role of mesoporosity in a wide range of technologies, as this provides for critical improvements in accessibility, the dispersion of the active phase and a higher surface area. Relevant examples of the development of mesoporosity by a wide range of techniques are provided, including the preparation of hierarchical structures with pore systems in different scale ranges. Mesoporosity plays a significant role in catalysis, especially in the most challenging processes where bulky molecules, like those obtained from biomass or highly unreactive species, such as CO2 should be transformed into most valuable products. Furthermore, mesoporous materials also play a significant role as electrodes in fuel and solar cells and in thermoelectric devices, technologies which are benefiting from improved accessibility and a better dispersion of materials with controlled porosity.

/pdf/mesoporous-materials-for-clean-energy-technologies-35y4uu0be2.pdf

Mesoporous materials for clean energy technologies

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an adaptable material that has distinctive properties, such as high-sensitivity, large specific area, non-toxicity, good compatibility and a high isoelectric point, which favours it to be considered with a few exceptions. It is the most desirable group of nanostructure as far as both structure and properties. The unique and tuneable properties of nanostructured ZnO shows excellent stability in chemically as well as thermally stable n-type semiconducting material with wide applications such as in luminescent material, supercapacitors, battery, solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and biological applications in the form of bulk crystal, thin film and pellets. The nanosized materials exhibit higher dissolution rates as well as higher solubility when compared to the bulk materials. This review significantly focused on the current improvement in ZnO-based nanomaterials/composites/doped materials for the application in the field of energy storage and conversion devices and biological applications. Special deliberation has been paid on supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and biological applications. Finally, the benefits of ZnO-based materials for the utilizations in the field of energy and biological sciences are moreover consistently analysed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/ab268a/pdf

A review on ZnO nanostructured materials: energy, environmental and biological applications.

Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) with a preferential orientation along the [001] direction are anodically grown by controlling the water content in the fluoride-containing electrolyte. The intrinsic kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the Li intercalation process in the preferentially oriented (PO) TiO2 NTs and in a randomly oriented (RO) TiO2 NT reference are determined by combining complementary electrochemical methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic cycling. PO TiO2 NTs demonstrate an enhanced performance as anode material in Li-ion batteries due to faster interfacial Li insertion/extraction kinetics. It is shown that the thermodynamic properties, which describe the ability of the host material to intercalate Li ions, have a negligible influence on the superior performance of PO NTs. This work presents a straightforward approach for gaining important insight into the influence of the crystallographic orientation on lithiation/de...

Preferentially Oriented TiO2 Nanotubes as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Insight into Li-Ion Storage and Lithiation Kinetics.

Since several years, research for high capacity anode materials in Li-ion batteries is addressed to titanium dioxide (TiO2), which offers important advantages in terms of cost effectiveness, safety and environmental compatibility. This work reports on the lithiation and delithiation characteristics of anodically grown, self-organized TiO2 nanotubes annealed in Ar (TiO2−x) and Ar/C2H2 (TiO2−x–C). The systems are used as model composite electrodes for the anode in Li-ion batteries. Anatase TiO2−x–C nanotubes demonstrate a superior Li storage capacity as high as 320(±68) mA h g−1 (Li0.96TiO2) compared to 180(±38) mA h g−1 (Li0.54TiO2) for TiO2−x. This is comparable to the highest reported capacities for TiO2 nanotubes to date. The double layer capacities are estimated from cyclic voltammetry measurements to 85 μF cm−² for TiO2−x and 20 μF cm−² for TiO2−x–C nanotubes respectively. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals smaller charge transfer resistances for TiO2−x–C nanotubes at the solid/liquid interface which improves the transfer of Li+-ions from the electrolyte into the electrode.

/pdf/oxygen-deficient-carbon-coated-self-organized-tio2-nanotubes-2l3uy0ode4.pdf

Oxygen deficient, carbon coated self-organized TiO2 nanotubes as anode material for Li-ion intercalation

The development of low-temperature fuel cells for clean energy production is an appealing alternative to fossil-fuel technologies. CO is a key intermediate in the electro-oxidation of energy carrying fuels and, due to its strong interaction with state-of-the-art Pt electrodes, it is known to act as a poison. Here we demonstrate the ability of Earth-abundant Cu to electro-oxidize CO efficiently in alkaline media, reaching high current densities of ≥0.35 mA cm−2 on single-crystal Cu(111) model catalysts. Strong and continuous surface structural changes are observed under reaction conditions. Supported by first-principles microkinetic modelling, we show that the concomitant presence of high-energy undercoordinated Cu structures at the surface is a prerequisite for the high activity. Similar CO-induced self-activation has been reported for gas–surface reactions at coinage metals, demonstrating the strong parallels between heterogeneous thermal catalysis and heterogeneous electrocatalysis. CO is a key intermediate in the electro-oxidation of energy carrying fuels which typically acts as a poison. Here, the authors demonstrate that Cu is an efficient CO electro-oxidation catalyst in alkaline electrolyte due to the continuous formation of undercoordinated active Cu adatom sites in the presence of CO and OH.

Self-activation of copper electrodes during CO electro-oxidation in alkaline electrolyte

Core-shell TiO2@C: towards alternative supports as replacement for high surface area carbon for PEMFC catalysts

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smtd.201800385

Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser

Papers

Preferentially Oriented TiO2 Nanotubes as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Insight into Li-Ion Storage and Lithiation Kinetics.

Oxygen deficient, carbon coated self-organized TiO2 nanotubes as anode material for Li-ion intercalation

Self-activation of copper electrodes during CO electro-oxidation in alkaline electrolyte

Core-shell TiO2@C: towards alternative supports as replacement for high surface area carbon for PEMFC catalysts

Recent Progress in Understanding Ion Storage in Self‐Organized Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes