An introduction to my forthcoming book, this essay takes a broad, sweeping look at second-wave feminism, situating the movement's unfolding in relation to three moments in the history of capitalism. In the first moment, feminism posed a radical challenge to the pervasive androcentrism of "state-organized capitalism". In the second, the movement unwittingly supplied a key ingredient of what Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello call the "new spirit" of neoliberal capitalism. In the third (present) moment, of capitalist crisis, feminists have the chance to reactivate the movement's emancipatory promise.

/pdf/feminism-capitalism-and-the-cunning-of-history-3xqajp556l.pdf

Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History

Cosmopolitan sociology has tackled broad themes like risk, family, religion, power, war, inequality, memory, and civil society movements exploring their reconfiguration in the global age. Tellingly, the concept of the national is often perceived, both in public and scientific discourse as the central obstacle for the realization of cosmopolitan orientations. Consequently, debates about the nation tend to revolve around its persistence or its demise. We depart from this either-or perspective by investigating the formation of the cosmopolitanized nations' as a facet of world risk society. This re-imagination of nationhood evolves, among other things, in the context of global norms (e.g. human rights), globalized markets, transnational migrations and embeddedness in international organizations. Here we focus on a mechanism involving the promulgation of 'risk societies'. Modern collectivities are increasingly preoccupied with debating, preventing and managing risks. However, unlike earlier manifestations of risk characterized by daring actions or predictability models, global risks cannot be calculated or forecast anymore. Accordingly, more influence accrues to the perception of risk, largely constructed by media representations of disasters. In a first step we distinguish between a normative cosmopolitanism and analytic cosmopolitization processes. The cosmopolitanized nations, we argue, reflect a new mode of collective identification, whereby we differentiate between presumptions of thick belonging and the actual proliferation of cosmopolitan affiliations. This leads to a gradual distinction between a conventional (and naturalized) view of the national and an emerging figuration of cosmopolitan nationhood. In a second step we overcome the territorial fixation of the social sciences by shifting our attention to temporal dimensions, with a particular focus on competing conceptions of the future. Our findings suggest that cosmopolitanized nations are reimagined through the anticipation of endangered futures. In a third step we demonstrate how these cosmopolitan transformations of nationhood are taking place in the context of the emergence of a world risk society regime that marshalls a set of cosmopolitan imperatives situating the global other in our midst. In a fourth step we illustrate these developments by exploring how the mediatization of risk, and concomitant notions of the future contribute to the re-imagination of cosmopolitan risk collectivities.

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00795250/document

Cosmopolitanized Nations: Re-imagining Collectivity in World Risk Society

We defend a methodology of discounting, for the evaluation of the long-term effects of climate policies, which relies on a social welfare objective, against the view that the market rate of return should be used for that purpose. We also show that in the long run, the discount rate for such policies should focus on the worst-case scenario for the most disadvantaged populations. As a consequence, it is likely that the appropriate discount rate for climate policies should be negative, implying a high priority for the future.

/pdf/climate-policies-deserve-a-negative-discount-rate-2wmq5ry813.pdf

Climate policies deserve a negative discount rate

Transnational organized crime is a pressing global security issue. Mexico is currently embroiled in a protracted drug war. Mexican drug cartels and allied gangs (actually poly-crime organizations) are currently challenging states and sub-state polities (in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and beyond) to capitalize on lucrative illicit global economic markets. As a consequence of the exploitation of these global economic flows, the cartels are waging war on each other and state institutions to gain control of the illicit economy. Essentially, they are waging a 'criminal insurgency' against the current configuration of states. As such, they are becoming political, as well as economic actors. This presentation examines the dynamics of this controversial proposition. The control of territorial space -- ranging from 'failed communities' to 'failed regions' -- will be examined. The presentation will examine the exploitation of weak governance and areas (known as 'lawless zones,' 'ungoverned spaces,' 'other governed spaces,' or 'zones of impunity') where state challengers have created parallel or dual sovereignty, or 'criminal enclaves' in a neo-feudal political arrangement. The use of instrumental violence, corruption, information operations (including attacks on journalists), street taxation, and provision of social goods in a utilitarian fashion will be discussed. Finally, the dynamics of the transition of cartels and gangs into 'accidental guerrillas' and 'social bandits' will be explored through the lens of 'third generation gang' theory and 'power-counter power' relationships. This presentation will serve as a starting point for assessing the threat to security from transnational organized crime through lessons from the Mexican cartels.

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00694083/document

From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Criminal Enclaves and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America. Implications for Global Security

R&D and innovation have become much more strategic than ever before for the growth of China as well as for its global societal upgrade The Chinese authorities have designed an innovation strategy to face new economic and social challenges The first part of the paper is focused on the emergence of the policy, in the 2006-2020 Plan for S&T, with a historical perspective explaining the legacy of the past in today's choices In the second part, we illustrate China's catching up strategy through four sectors (high-speed trains, aeronautics, clean energy, IT) and discuss its potential impact on the world industry

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00686389/document

The World upside down, China's R&D and innovation strategy

La conference « Ni Dieu ni Maitre : les Reseaux » est la premiere manifestation publique de la Chaire "Analyse interdisciplinaire de la societe en reseaux" de Manuel CASTELLS au sein du nouveau College d'Etudes Mondiales que developpe la Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme. 
Comme le precise Michel WIEVIORKA, lors de l’ouverture de la conference, le College d’Etudes Mondiales / Institute for Global Studies correspond a une exigence intellectuelle majeure : nous devons penser "global", tout en veillant a articuler les niveaux d'analyse, et nous devons nous interesser a la facon dont les acteurs, individuels et collectifs, se construisent, ou se detruisent dans la configuration d'un monde globalise. 
Le College d'Etudes Mondiales existe officiellement depuis le 30 juin 2011, il s'organise autour de chaires, une vingtaine a terme, dont une est confiee precisement a Manuel Castells. Dirige par Michel Wieviorka, il est dote d'un Haut Conseil preside par Alain Touraine, et d'un Conseil scientifique. 
Introduite par Alain TOURAINE, sociologue et directeur d’etudes a l’EHESS, la conference a ete diffusee en direct sur internet. 
Manuel CASTELLS est actuellement professeur a l'Annenberg School of Communication (University of Southern California) et dirige l'Internet Interdisciplinary Institute de Barcelone, universite virtuelle mondiale. Apres des etudes en France, il devient directeur d'etudes associe en sociologie a l'EHESS, puis est nomme professeur de sociologie et de planification urbaine et regionale a l'Universite de Berkeley en Californie. Il a ete professeur invite dans dix-sept universites internationales et a recu des doctorats d'honneur de quinze universites en Europe, Amerique latine, Amerique du Nord et Asie. Ses œuvres ont ete primees a de nombreuses reprises et traduites en plus d'une vingtaine de langues.
Manuel Castells a ete un des sociologues fondateurs de l'Ecole francaise de sociologie urbaine au cours des annees 1970. Son premier livre intitule La question urbaine (Maspero, 1972), est devenu une reference mondiale. Avec sa trilogie consacree a L'ere de l'information (Fayard, 1996- 1998), il devient le specialiste internationalement reconnu de la societe de l'information et des reseaux. 
Sa demarche est transdisciplinaire et allie analyse de l'espace et des mouvements et etude du role des technologies de l'information dans la production des societes contemporaines. Le modele de l'information y represente un changement de paradigme pour penser le monde social. La disparition du modele industriel des annees 70 a laisse place a une organisation multicentree. L'intensification des flux d'information entre differents points du monde conduit a la demultiplication des centres de decisions autour de nœuds de reseaux. Il n'y a plus de centralite mais des noeuds multiples de decision. La societe de l'information fait ainsi irruption dans les structures de decision des entreprises, ce qui le conduit a repenser les relations du monde social dans leurs horizontalites. La circulation de l'information ne s'accompagne pas seulement d'une fluidite du social, mais genere des oppositions, des frictions, des resistances: les societes resistent a la societe de l'information en reactivant des solidarites primaires.
Recemment, Manuel Castells a publie Communication Power (Oxford University Press, 2009). Il se base sur son analyse des reseaux et des technologies de communication pour developper une nouvelle theorie du pouvoir a l'ere de l'information. Un nouveau systeme de communication a emerge: une auto-communication de masse a travers les sites de reseaux sociaux, les blogs et le chat. Ce nouvel environnement communicationnel modifie profondement les relations de pouvoir. A travers plusieurs analyses de cas (la mesinformation du public americain sur la guerre en Irak, les mouvements environnementaux pour prevenir le changement climatique, la campagne de Barack Obama etc.), il montre les consequences de cette evolution sur les processus politiques et les mouvements sociaux.

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00677225/document

Ni Dieu ni Maître : les Réseaux

Comment constituer, utiliser, adapter, valoriser, diffuser des archives audiovisuelles ?

Ce colloque presente le projet ASA-SHS ou Atelier de Semiotique Audiovisuelle en Sciences Humaines et Sociales, projet de description/indexation et publication de ressources audiovisuelles, interessant des domaines aussi divers que la recherche, l'enseignement, la formation professionnelle, les medias scientifiques, etc. 
Soutenu par l'ANR, (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), ce projet porte la reference ANR-08-BLAN-0102-01. 

Les communications sont axees sur les aspects theoriques de la semiotique audiovisuelle, l’environnement de travail dans le projet ASA, et les applications pratiques a travers des sites portails thematiques. 

L'ensemble des resultats du projet sont exposes dans trois ouvrages parus chez Hermes Science Publications/Lavoisier (Collection Traite des Sciences et Techniques de l’Information) :

- Les archives audiovisuelles : description, indexation et publication, ouvrage collectif sous la direction de Peter Stockinger 
- Nouveaux usages des archives audiovisuelles numeriques ouvrage collectif sous la direction de Peter Stockinger 
- Analyse des contenus audiovisuels : metalangage et modeles de description de Peter Stockinger.
Ces trois ouvrages ont tous ete traduits et publies en anglais aux editions ISTE-Wiley :

- 2011: Introduction to Audiovisual Archives, edited by P. Stockinger
- 2011: Digital Audiovisual Archives, edited by P. Stockinger
- 2012: Audiovisual Archives, Digital Text and Discourse Analysis, P. Stockinger.

Juliette Chave

Papers

Ni Dieu ni Maître : les Réseaux

Les Archives Audiovisuelles de la Recherche