The Fog computing paradigms are becoming popular means of utilizing resources optimally by the IoT devices, extending quality of service to the vicinity of the user, and achieve fast processing in the IoT-cloud ecosystems. Fog models allow fast processing of data, easy to reach storage, and reduce bulky network transition. The inefficiencies of the cloud inspire unnecessarily big data to be sent to the backhaul of the network, which incapacitates the cloud infrastructure. Fog computing addresses the limitation of the cloud systems by improving robustness, efficiency, and performance of cloud infrastructure. The need to process some of the big data produced at the peripheral of the network using keen techniques in the fog—cloud ecosystems is a key to new interesting architectures filed in the recent literature. These architectures provide new business opportunities that drive the Internet of things devices to function according to users’ demands. In this paper, we provide an extensive survey on Fog—Edge computing to give a foundation to solutions proposed in studies that involve IoT—Fog—Cloud ecosystems. This is done by providing insights of new research aspects filed, the state—of—art in fog computing architectures, standards, tools and applications. We project the future development trends and provide open issues in fog cloud of things. This will focus developers to develop applications that work well in a cloud-based controlled ecosystem across a range of network terminals.

The fog cloud of things: A survey on concepts, architecture, standards, tools, and applications

An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize the existing literature on the causes and impacts of COVID-19 infodemic; (2) summarize the proposed strategies to fight with COVID-19 infodemic; and (3) identify the directions for future research. A systematic literature search following the PRISMA guideline covering 12 scholarly databases was conducted to retrieve various types of peer-reviewed articles that reported causes, impacts, or countermeasures of the infodemic. Empirical studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. A coding theme was iteratively developed to categorize the causes, impacts, and countermeasures found from the included studies. Social media usage, low level of health/eHealth literacy, and fast publication process and preprint service are identified as the major causes of the infodemic. Besides, the vicious circle of human rumor-spreading behavior and the psychological issues from the public (e.g., anxiety, distress, fear) emerges as the characteristic of the infodemic. Comprehensive lists of countermeasures are summarized from different perspectives, among which risk communication and consumer health information need/seeking are of particular importance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future research directions are suggested.

The causes, impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 “Infodemic”: A systematic review using narrative synthesis

Impact of positivity and empathy on social entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of perceived social support

This study examines the impact of citizens' use of social media for political participation and expression in developing democracies of Africa in particular Uganda. Findings from studied N = 2,400 respondents, evidenced social media does matter in the developing democracy of Uganda as the second most preferred form of media (.95 ± 2.37). Findings also showed the use of social media for political participation in persuading others to vote for a given candidate or party was positively correlated r = .043*(p value at .05), n = 2,400, and p = .035 with R2 = .002. Future studies should examine the use of social media platforms for policy implementation, civic engagement, and inclusiveness.

Does social media matter in developing democracies? Examining its impact on citizen political participation and expression in Uganda

This article argues that digital publics unleash and bolster everyday racism, creating an unregulated space where anonymity and ubiquity enable the dissemination of racist message. By creating broa...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1461444820956341

‘Refugees are not welcome’: Digital racism, online place-making and the evolving categorization of Syrians in Turkey:

This research examines the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs; social media) as a tool that fosters community building and reconciliation in post-conflict regions, in particula

/pdf/digitizing-community-building-and-reconciliation-in-post-d0wg8btp39.pdf

Digitizing Community Building and Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Communities: A Case of #Let’sTalkUganda in Northern Uganda:

Advancement in the use of information technologies (ITs) has contributed to the invention of new communicative features, in particular social media networks. In developed economies, use of social media contributed to the digitally networked action (DNA) of Occupy Wall Street and los indignados in Spain. Through use of social media, European cities digitally connected and collectively called upon world leaders to eradicate poverty, create jobs, and show commitment to climate change during the G20 summit. In the developing economies of Africa, there is need for scholarly studies that examine how technologies, in particular social media networks, have been adopted in building a DNA based on informally shared knowledge. This study focuses on examining how connectivity through social media technology helped in mobilizing the Ugandan Community to support a DNA for girl child education necessities of sanitary requirements. This was through a digitally networked #Pads4GirlsUg campaign based on assumptions of social identity theory to build on connectivity theorization. Findings in this ethnography study contribute new knowledge in understanding how IT creates awareness based on informally shared knowledge resulting into DNA. The studied DNA increased levels of awareness and mobilized Ugandan communities to support girl child education. Over 2000 girls in different parts of Uganda benefited from digitally mobilized sanitary requirements and resulted in the government scrapping value‐added tax on sanitary requirements. In future studies, the use of IT for DNA should be investigated, as well as its contributions to policy at national, regional, and international levels.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/isd2.12009

Information technology to support digitally networked action in developing economies: A case of Nyanzi's #Pads4GirlsUg campaign

Social media taxation and its impact on Africa's economic growth

This study examines how different ways of presenting information about the ecological threats stemming from the use of disposable plastics may affect people’s willingness to reduce their use. To test our hypotheses, we used a 2 × 3 × 2 between-subjects experimental design, utilizing a sample of 1001 Hong Kong residents. The independent variables tested included: (a) message frame (gain vs. loss), (b) modality (text vs. image vs. infographic), and (c) information source (government vs. non-governmental organization). The findings demonstrate that the loss frame was more effective than the gain frame in persuading participants to reduce the use of disposable plastics. Furthermore, compared to image-based messages, text-based and infographic-based messages were more effective in promoting the reduction in the use of disposable plastics. For information sources, however, we found no main effect on behavioral intentions. However, this study still suggests an interaction effect of the loss frame and NGO source, as well as the interaction between text-based modality and government source, both leading to more positive outcomes. Furthermore, the study reveals that negative emotional responses mediate the effect of media frames on behavioral intentions. The findings offer useful insights for designing more effective communication campaigns aimed at curbing the use of disposable plastics.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8273/pdf?version=1657191917

Reducing the Use of Disposable Plastics through Public Engagement Campaigns: An Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Message Appeals, Modalities, and Sources

Juma Kasadha

Papers

Does social media matter in developing democracies? Examining its impact on citizen political participation and expression in Uganda

Digitizing Community Building and Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Communities: A Case of #Let’sTalkUganda in Northern Uganda:

Information technology to support digitally networked action in developing economies: A case of Nyanzi's #Pads4GirlsUg campaign

Social media taxation and its impact on Africa's economic growth

Reducing the Use of Disposable Plastics through Public Engagement Campaigns: An Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Message Appeals, Modalities, and Sources