Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: a review.

Pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste

Fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.

Marine pollution from antifouling paint particles.

Solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) has gained increasing attention in recent years, especially for digesting lignocellulosic biomass Compared to liquid anaerobic digestion (L-AD), SS-AD handles feedstocks with higher total solids content, and therefore, performs more effectively at higher organic loading rates and has higher volumetric biogas productivity Challenges facing SS-AD of lignocellulosic biomass are primarily related to its relatively low methane yield, potential instability, and low value end-products These challenges are either due to the inherent limits of SS-AD (eg retarded mass transfer caused by high solid content) or can be attributed to the nature of lignocellulosic biomass (eg components recalcitrant to biodegradation) To address these challenges, a variety of methods, including pretreatment of feedstock, improvement of inoculation efficiency, co-digestion of multiple feedstocks, and upgrading biogas to higher-value transportation fuels, have been examined to enhance the performance of SS-AD and increase the value of the end products This review summarizes these challenges in SS-AD of lignocellulosic biomass and discusses the mechanisms and feasibility of potential strategies for resolving them

Challenges and strategies for solid-state anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass

Mesophilic and thermophilic temperature co-phase anaerobic digestion compared with single-stage mesophilic- and thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge.

Summary

Surface modification of anode using surfactant has great influence on the electrical performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this study, the effect of surface-modified exfoliated graphite used for anode fabrication on a cube-type MFC batch reactor was examined. The surface exfoliated graphite was modified with 5-mM anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Anaerobic sludge used as inoculum containing 70% (v/v) of artificial wastewater and 30% (v/v) of seed sludge in an anode chamber and air cathode was used in cathode side. Anode modification was explored as an approach to enhance the start-up and improve the performance of the reactor. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology and activity of electrochemically active bacteria.



In the study, the start-up time of MFC required to approach stable voltage was substantially reduced, and the maximum stable voltage was higher than the control. In addition, the activation resistance of the MFC was considerably reduced, and the maximum power density (1640 mW/m2) was 20% higher than control. However, when the surface of exfoliated graphite was modified with over 10-mM anionic surfactant, some negative effects on start-up time, activation resistance and maximum power density were observed. This modification also enhanced the bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on the modified anode surface. The result suggested that surface modification anode with surfactant is effective for electrical responses achieved in the MFC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect of surface modification of anode with surfactant on the performance of microbial fuel cell

A study on the treatment of antifouling paint waste from shipyard.

Removal of Cochlodinium polykrikoides by dredged sediment: A field study

A 2-year field study was conducted in November 2006 at Haejin and September 2007 at Namhae, South Korea to exterminate harmful bloom, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, by sediment-based materials. Slaked lime, quicklime and an aluminum sludge were mixed with sediment for the Haejin field. Bentonite, zeolite and quicklime were mixed with sediment for the Namhae field. Before and after sediment spray, seawater samples were collected at three depths (surface, middle and bottom) at each site and the characteristics (pH, temperature and salinity) were monitored. All samples were fixed immediately with Lugol's solution for cell counting. The results showed no changes in pH, temperature and salinity of seawater after spraying of the materials but rapidly reduced seawater turbidity due to the settling of sediment particles. The C. ploykrikoides cell density decreased rapidly according with elapsed time after the spraying of all sediment-based materials. No significant differences in the percent removal efficiency were found across the sediment materials. However, this study clearly indicated that the removal efficiency of the C. polykrikoides depended on the initial cell density. The above results indicate that sediment could be effective for red tide control.

Jung-Hui Woo

Papers

Mesophilic and thermophilic temperature co-phase anaerobic digestion compared with single-stage mesophilic- and thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge.

Effect of surface modification of anode with surfactant on the performance of microbial fuel cell

A study on the treatment of antifouling paint waste from shipyard.

Removal of Cochlodinium polykrikoides by dredged sediment: A field study

Removal of Cochlodinium polykrikoides by dredged sediment: a field study. Harmful Algae 9:227-232