Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): routes to various MOF topologies, morphologies, and composites.

Metal Organic Frameworks in Biomedicine Patricia Horcajada,* Ruxandra Gref, Tarek Baati, Phoebe K. Allan, Guillaume Maurin, Patrick Couvreur, G erard F erey, Russell E. Morris, and Christian Serre* Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Universit e de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France Facult e de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Universit e Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Universit e Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews Purdie Building, St Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K.

Metal-organic frameworks in biomedicine.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a new class of hybrid organic-inorganic supramolecular materials comprised of ordered networks formed from organic electron donor linkers and metal cations. They can exhibit extremely high surface areas, as well as tunable pore size and functionality, and can act as hosts for a variety of guest molecules. Since their discovery, MOFs have enjoyed extensive exploration, with applications ranging from gas storage to drug delivery to sensing. This review covers advances in the MOF field from the past three years, focusing on applications, including gas separation, catalysis, drug delivery, optical and electronic applications, and sensing. We also summarize recent work on methods for MOF synthesis and computational modeling.

Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Rapidly Growing Class of Versatile Nanoporous Materials

Adsorptive removal of hazardous materials using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): A review

After three decades of intense and fundamental research on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), is there anything left to say or to explain? The synthesis and properties of MOFs have already been comprehensively described elsewhere. It is time, however, to prove the nature of their true usability: technological applications based on these extended materials require development and implementation as a natural consequence of the up-to-known intensive research focused on their design and preparation. The current large number of reviews on MOFs emphasizes practical strategies to develop novel networks with varied crystal size, shape and topology, being mainly devoted to academic concerns. The present survey intends to push the boundaries and summarise the state-of-the-art on the preparation of promising (multi)functional MOFs in worldwide laboratories and their use as materials for industrial implementation. This review starts, on the one hand, to describe several tools and striking examples of remarkable and recent (multi)functional MOFs exhibiting outstanding properties (e.g., in gas adsorption and separation, selective sorption of harmful compounds, heterogeneous catalysis, luminescent and corrosion protectants). On the other hand, and in a second part, it intends to use these examples of MOFs to incite scientists to move towards the transference of knowledge from the laboratories to the industry. Within this context, we exhaustively review the many efforts of several worldwide commercial companies to bring functional MOFs towards the daily use, analysing the various patents and applications reported to date. Overall, this review goes from the very basic concepts of functional MOF engineering and preparation ending up in their industrial production on a large scale and direct applications in society.

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Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks: from academia to industrial applications

A metal-organic framework material named MIL-53(Fe), iron terephthalate, has been synthesized sovothermally at a relatively low temperature by not only conventional electric (CE) heating, but also by irradiation under ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) conditions to gain an understanding of the accelerated syntheses induced by US and MW. The kinetics for nucleation and crystal growth were analyzed by measuring the crystallinity of MIL-53(Fe) under various conditions. The nucleation and crystal growth rates were estimated from crystallization curves of the change in crystallinity with reaction time. The activation energies and pre-exponential factors were calculated from Arrhenius plots. It was confirmed that the rate of crystallization (both nucleation and crystal growth) decreases in the order US>MW>>CE, and that the accelerated syntheses under US and MW conditions are due to increased pre-exponential factors rather than decreased activation energies. It is suggested that physical effects such as hot spots are more important than chemical effects in the accelerated syntheses induced by US and MW irradiation. The syntheses were also conducted in two steps to understand quantitatively the acceleration induced by MW and it was found that the acceleration in crystal growth is more important than the acceleration in nucleation, even though both processes are accelerated by MW irradiation.

Synthesis of a metal-organic framework material, iron terephthalate, by ultrasound, microwave, and conventional electric heating: a kinetic study.

. One of zeolitic imidazolate framework materials (ZIF), ZIF-8, has been synthesized with micro-wave irradiation and conventional electric heating at 140 ∼180 o C. ZIFs are porous crystalline materials and aresimilar to metal organic framework (MOF) materials because both ZIFs and MOFs are composed of both organicand metallic components. ZIFs are very stable and similar to zeolites because ZIFs have tetrahedral networks. ZIF-8, with a decreased crystal size, can be synthesized rapidly with microwave irradiation. The microwave synthesis of ZIF-8 is completed in 4 h at 140 o C and the reaction time is decreased by about 5 times compared wit hthe conventional electric heating. The ZIF-8 obtained by microwave heating has larger surface area and microporevolume compared with the ZIF-8 synthesized with conventional electric heating. It can be confirmed that ZIF-8sshow type-I adsorption isotherms, explaining the microporosity of the ZIF-8s. Based on FTIR and TGA results, itcan be understood that the ZIF-8s have similar bonding and thermal characteristics irrespective of heating methodssuch as microwave and conventional heating.

https://www.koreascience.or.kr:443/article/JAKO200902727403821.pdf

Jung Hwa Park

Papers

Synthesis of a metal-organic framework material, iron terephthalate, by ultrasound, microwave, and conventional electric heating: a kinetic study.

Microwave-Syntheses of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Material, ZIF-8

Phase-selective synthesis of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve from dry gels