Showing papers by "Junta Sugiyama published in 1995"

Is Penicillium monophyletic? An evaluation of phylogeny in the family Trichocomaceae from 18S, 5.8S and ITS ribosomal DNA sequence data.

Abstract: Using ribosomal DNA sequences from 17 fungi, we evaluated the monophylly of Penicillium and the phylogeny in the ascomycete family Trichocomaceae (= Eurotiaceae). We determined the 5.8S and interna...

Phylogenetic divergence of the entomophthoralean fungi: Evidence from nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences

Abstract: To analyze the phylogeny and molecular evolution of the entomophthoralean fungi, we deter? mined the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences for four representative species of the En- tomophthorales and the trichomycete Smittium culi- setae (Harpellales) in the Zygomycota. Ten published reference sequences were added to this analysis. The phylogeny, inferred from the aligned 1480 positions and using the choanoflagellate Diaphanoeca grandis (Choanoflagellida) as an outgroup, divided seven zyg- omycete species into four clusters. The four species in the Entomophthorales were placed in two clusters, i.e., Basidiobolus ranarum in one cluster containing Chy? tridium, Spizellomyces and Neocallimastix, and the re- maining three species Conidiobolus coronatus, Entomo- phthora muscae, and Zoophthora radicans in another clus? ter containing Mucor. Glomus etunicatum is basal to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and Smittium culi- setae was placed close to the divergence of Entomo?

A common group I intron between a plant parasitic fungus and its host.

Abstract: The self-splicing RNAs known as group I introns exist in many organisms, but their distribution is difficult to explain. We hypothesize that group I introns have been transferred between a parasite and its host. We describe here the discovery of a common group I intron sequence between a plant-parasitic fungus, Protomyces inouyei, and its host, Youngia japonica. It strongly supports our theory that the group I intron had been transferred from the host plant to the parasitic fungus in the course of evolution.

Brachymonas denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacterium which contains rhodoquinones, and evolutionary relationships of rhodoquinone producers to bacterial species with various quinone classes

Abstract: The new strains of aerobic chemoorganotrophic rhodoquinone-containing bacteria previously isolated from activated sludge were studied from taxonomic and phylogenetic viewpoints. These strains were Gram- negative, nonmotile coccobacilli, had a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal acceptor, produced catalase and oxidase, and contained both ubiquinone-8 and rhodoquinone-8 as major quinones. DNA-DNA reassociation studies revealed that the new strains were highly related to each other at hybridization levels of more than 74%, suggesting the genetic coherency of the isolates as a single species. The 16S rRNA gene from one of the isolates, strain AS-P1, was amplified in vitro and sequenced directly. Sequence comparisons and a distance matrix tree analysis revealed that strain AS-P1 was most closely related to Comamonas testosteroni, a representative of the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria, but the level of sequence similarity between the two appeared to be low enough to warrant different generic allocations. The strains were differentiated from related organisms by a number of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties. Thus, we conclude that the isolates should be placed in a new genus and species of the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria, for which we propose the name Brachymonas denitrificans. Evolutionary relationships of rhodoquinone producers to bacterial species with various quinone classes were discussed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence information.

Mixia osmundae: transfer from the Ascomycota to the Basidiomycota based on evidence from molecules and morphology

Abstract: To determine phylogenetic placement of Mixia osmundae (T. Nishida) Kramer (Mixiaceae, Protomycetales), we sequenced the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (18s rRNA) gene from M. osmundae IFO-32408 and compared it with that from 4 archiascomycetes (Ascomycota) and 24 basidiomycetes. Our molecular phylogeny indicates that M. osrnundae and the basidiomycetes Rhodosporidium toruloides, Leucosporidium scottii, Sporobolomyces roseus, Sporidiobolus johnsonii, Cronartiurn ribicoia, Peridermium harknessii, and Erythrobasidiurn hasegawianum group together in 100% of bootstrap replicates. The M. osmurzdae spores on the host fern Osmunda japonica have been regarded as ascospores (i.e., endogenously produced within an ascus), but our light microscopic, SEM, and TEM observations for fresh materials of M. osmundae on 0. japonica in Japan clearly demonstrated that these are produced exogenously, blastically, and simultaneously from the sporogenous cell. Evidence from both molecular and morphological characters suggests that M. osmundae is not a member of the ascomycetes and is not related to either the Taphrinales or Protomycetales. Obviously Mixia osmu~zdae is a member of the basidiomycetes and placed within the simple septate basidiomycete