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Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes

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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

An updated review on application of nanofluids in heat exchangers for saving energy

Towards hybrid nanofluids: Preparation, thermophysical properties, applications, and challenges

Nanofluids have found crucial presence in heat transfer applications with their promising characteristics that can be controlled as per requirements. Nanofluids possess unique characteristics that have attracted many researchers over the past two decades to design new thermal systems for different engineering applications. Mono nanofluids, prepared with a single kind of nanoparticles, possess certain specific benefits owing to the properties of the suspended nanoparticle. However to further improve the characteristics of nanofluids, that could possess a number of favourable characteristics, researchers developed a new generation heat transfer fluid called hybrid nanofluid. Hybrid nanofluids are prepared either by dispersing dissimilar nanoparticles as individual constituents or by dispersing nanocomposite particles in the base fluid. Hybrid nanofluids may possess better thermal network and rheological properties due to synergistic effect. Researchers, to adjudge the advantages, disadvantages and their suitability for diversified applications, are extensively investigating the behavior and properties of these hybrid nanofluids. This review summarizes the contemporary investigations on synthesis, thermo-physical properties, heat transfer characteristics, hydrodynamic behavior and fluid flow characteristics reported by researchers on different hybrid nanofluids. This review also outlines the applications and challenges associated with hybrid nanofluid and makes some suggestions for future scope of research in this area.

State-of-art review on hybrid nanofluids

Purpose




This paper aims to present an analytical investigation of energy and exergy performance on a solar flat plate collector (SFPC) with Cu-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids as collector running fluids.




Design/methodology/approach




Heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop and energy and exergy efficiencies of SFPC working on these nanofluids are investigated and compared. In this study, a comparison is made by varying the mass flow rates and nanoparticle volume concentration. Thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids are estimated using distinctive correlations available in the open literature. Then, the influence of these properties on energy and exergy efficiencies of SFPC is discussed in detail.




Findings




Energy analysis reveals that by introducing the hybrid nanoparticles in water, the thermal conductivity of the working fluid is enhanced by 17.52 per cent and that of the individual constituents is enhanced by 15.72 and 15.35 per cent for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. This resulted in 2.16 per cent improvement in useful heat gain for hybrid nanofluid and 1.03 and 0.91 per cent improvement in heat gain for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. In line with the above, the collector efficiency increased by 2.175 per cent for the hybrid nanofluid and 0.93 and 1.05 per cent enhancement for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. Exergy analysis elucidates that by using the hybrid nanofluid, exergy efficiency is increased by 2.59 per cent, whereas it is 2.32 and 2.18 per cent enhancement for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. Entropy generation is reduced by 3.31, 2.35 and 2.96 per cent for Cu-CuO/water, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively, as compared to water.




Research limitations/implications




However, this is associated with a penalty of increment in pressure drop of 2.92, 3.09 and 2.74 per cent for Cu-CuO/water, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively, compared with water.




Originality/value




It is clear from the analysis that Cu-CuO/water hybrid nanofluids possess notable increment in both energy and exergy efficiencies to use them in SFPCs.

Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid nanofluid based solar flat plate collector

Objectives: To review the suitability of Phase Change Material (PCM) for the thermal management of electronic components. Methods/analysis: Day by day, physical world has been changing to digital world by involving electronic components such as computers, digital meters, smart phones, high sensitive sensors, high precision devices etc. One of the important issues pertaining to smooth running of electronic components is their thermal management. Electronic components generate heat during operation and this heat has to be driven out to safeguard the equipment. Researchers have proposed various methods such as heat sinks, nano-fluids, micro-channels etc to reduce and dissipate heat from the components. The requirement for the usage of miniaturization of electronic components has further increased the complexity to effectively dissipate the heat from the confined space of these electronic components. Various techniques provide their own set of benefits and trade-offs for thermal management of electronics to reduce operating temperatures, dissipate excess heat and long-term reliability. The present study aims to address the usage of PCMs with their advantages and disadvantages for the thermal management of electronic components. Findings: PCM based heat sinks can be an alternative technique for effective dissipation of heat and maintain safer temperature range for the electronic devices. Novelty/improvement: The study provides an insight about the applicability of PCM especially for the thermal management of electronic components such as computer processors, IC boards etc. to maintain with in maximum allowable temperature range. Based on the study it can be suggested that the usage of PCM can satisfy the present demand of cooling system.

On the Suitability of Phase Change Material (PCM) for Thermal Management of Electronic Components

In this study, the fluid flow and heat transfer behavior in a novel circular wavy microchannel design is numerically examined and compared with a sinusoidal wavy microchannel. The numerical studies...

K. Kiran Kumar

Papers

State-of-art review on hybrid nanofluids

Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid nanofluid based solar flat plate collector

On the Suitability of Phase Change Material (PCM) for Thermal Management of Electronic Components

Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in novel circular wavy microchannel

Numerical Analysis and Validation of Heat Transfer Mechanism of Flat Plate Collectors