The boost-inverter-based battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) are a popular choice for the battery lifetime extension and system power enhancement. Various sliding mode (SM) controllers have been used to control the boost inverter topology in the literature. However, the traditional SM controllers for the boost inverter topology operate with a high and variable switching frequency which increases the power losses and system components design complexity. This can be alleviated by a pulse width modulation (PWM)-based fixed-frequency SM controller proposed in this paper. The SM controller is implemented using variable amplitude PWM carrier signals generated using the output capacitor voltage and inductor current measurements, thus eliminating the requirement of the output capacitor currents measurement. The battery-connected inductor reference currents for the SM controller are generated by a supercapacitor energy controller which is responsible for the HESS power allocation. First, the theoretical aspects of the SM controller, the operation and parameter selection of the supercapacitor energy controller, and the supercapacitor sizing for the HESS are discussed in the paper. Then, the proposed control system is experimentally verified, and it is shown that the HESS is able to satisfy the HESS output power requirements, while allocating the ripple current and the fast power fluctuations to the supercapacitor while maintaining operation of the supercapacitor within predefined voltage limits. The main advantage of the proposed SM controller, as compared with the traditional double-loop control method, is in eliminating possible DC current injection into the grid when the equivalent series resistance values of the boost inductors become unequal due to the tolerances and temperature variations.

A Fixed-Frequency Sliding Mode Controller for a Boost-Inverter-Based Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System

This study presents an adaptive sliding mode control method for DC–DC converters. In the state space model of DC–DC converters, there are always some unknown coordinate components of the desired equilibrium point (static working point), which are necessary to obtain the error vector and then build the sliding surface. To obtain the unknown coordinate components of the equilibrium point, an adaptive law is proposed. The adaptive law and the error response are formulated in a single equation, which determines the system performance. A systematic sliding mode control design procedure of a class of DC–DC converters is hence carried out. To verify the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control method, the negative output elementary super lift Luo converter is used as a design example. Simulation and experimental results are reported to confirm the proposed approach.

Adaptive sliding mode control method for DC–DC converters

The positive output super lift Luo converter is a recently developed superior DC-DC converter. The object of this paper is to plan and examine a positive output super lift Luo converter using fuzzy system. Advantage of the proposed converter are heftiness around the operating point, high-quality presentation of transient responses under varying loading conditions and/or input voltage, and invariant active performance in the presence of varying operating conditions. Luo converter is the developed converter derived from the buck boost converter. A computer simulation using matlab/simulink confirms the predicted results.

Fuzzy Grammar Based Hybrid Split-Capacitors and Split Inductors Applied In Positive Output Luo-Converters

This study presents a comparative study of linear current-mode controllers for the regulation of a two-stage cascade boost converter having a single active switch. The current-mode controllers used in this study are designed using the input and output inductor currents of the converter. The objective of this study is to find the most suitable inductor current for feedback purposes. The analyses of the current-controlled systems are carried out using the state-space and frequency-response approaches. It is shown that the controller using the output inductor current is preferred over the controller using the input inductor current. Experimental and simulation results are also provided to validate the theoretical conclusions.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0150

Investigation of current-mode controlled cascade boost converter systems: dynamics and stability issues

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Control strategy and hardware implementation for DC–DC boost power circuit based on proportional–integral compensator for high voltage application

The object of this paper is to design and analyze a proportional – integral (PI) control for positive output elementary super lift Luo converter (POESLLC), which is the start-of-the-art DC-DC converter. The positive output elementary super lift Luo converter performs the voltage conversion from positive source voltage to positive load voltage. This paper proposes a development of PI control capable of providing the good static and dynamic performance compared to proportional – integralderivative (PID) controller. Using state space average method derives the dynamic equations describing the positive output elementary super lift luo converter and PI control is designed. The simulation model of the positive output elementary super lift Luo converter with its control circuit is implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The PI control for positive output elementary super lift Luo converter is tested for transient region, line changes, load changes, steady state region and also for components variations. Keywords—DC-DC converter, Positive output elementary super lift Luo converter (POESLLC), Proportional – Integral (PI) control.

PI Control for Positive Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converter

This paper presents the design of a Hybrid Posicast Controller (HPC) for a DC-DC Boost Converter (BC) operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). A HPC is a feed-forward compensator, which eliminates the peak overshoot in the step response of lightly damped systems. However, the conventional control technique is very sensitive to variations in natural frequency of oscillation in the system. In order to reduce this undesirable sensitivity of system, HPC is proposed, which is operated within the feedback loop of the system. The design of the Posicast function is independent of computational delay. The proposed controller produces a lower noise in the control signal, when compared to a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The simulation of DC-DC BC with its both control methods are implemented in MatLab/Simulink. The controller parameters are optimized by tuning design procedure method. The performances evaluation of DC-DC BC with both control methods is tested at controller parameters variations, steady state region, line and load variations. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of a proposed controller.

Design of a Hybrid Posicast Control for a DC-DC Boost Converter operated in Continuous Conduction mode

This paper studies a design of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for Negative Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converter (NOESLLC) operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). The NOESLLC performs the voltage conversion from positive DC source voltage to negative DC load voltage. In order to improve the dynamic performances of NOESLLC for both static and dynamic specifications, we propose a sliding mode controller. The gains of the controller are computed based on the tuning design procedure. The SMC is designed by using state-space average modeling of NOESLLC. The simulation of NOESLLC with its control model is implemented in MatLab/Simulink. The static and dynamic performances of the system are tested at various regions. A simulation results validate the effect of the controller gains of SMC on the static and dynamic performances of the NOESLLC, which is applicable for common DC-DC conversion purpose, computer power supplies, communication equipments and medical equipments, especially for high voltage-voltage.

Design of Sliding Mode Control for Negative Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converter operated in Continuous Conduction Mode

This study presents a reduced-order state-space average model and a fixed switching frequency (FSF) sliding mode controller (SMC) for the negative output elementary super lift Luo-converter (NOESLLC) operated in continuous conduction mode for application fields requiring the constant power source such as medical, telecommunication, industrial, military etc. The NOESLLC is an attractive dc-dc converter that can provide high-voltage transfer gain. Owing to the time-varying switched mode operation, the dynamic performance of the NOESLLC becomes highly non-linear. In order to enhance the dynamics performance and output voltage regulation of the NOESLLC, the FSFSMC is developed. The proposed FSFSMC is more appropriate to the inherently variable-structured NOESLLC when represented in the reduced-order state-space average-based mathematical model. The three conditions of FSMSMC applicable to the NOESLLC, namely, existence, reaching and stability conditions are analysed. The performance of the developed controller is validated for its robustness to perform over a wide range of working conditions through both in MATLAB/Simulink models and as well as in the laboratory prototype with the comparative study of a typical proportional-integral-controller. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the designed FSFSMC along with the complete systematic design procedure.

Modelling and implementation of fixed switching frequency sliding mode controller for negative output elementary super lift Luo-converter

The Object of this paper is to design and analyze a Hysteresis modulation based sliding mode control (HMSMC) for positive output elementary super lift Luo converter (POESLLC), which is the start-of-the-art DC-DC converter. The positive output elementary super lift Luo converter performs the voltage conversion from positive source voltage to positive load voltage. This paper proposes a HMSMC capable of providing the good steady state and dynamic performance compared to conventional controllers. Dynamic equations describing the positive output elementary super lift luo converter are derived by using state space average method. The simulation model of the positive output elementary super lift Luo converter with its control circuit is implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The HMSMC for positive output elementary super lift Luo converter is tested for line changes, load changes and also for components variations. Keywords—DC-DC converter, Positive output elementary super lift Luo converter (POESLLC), Hysteresis modulation based sliding mode control (HMSMC).

K. Ramash Kumar

Papers

PI Control for Positive Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converter

Design of a Hybrid Posicast Control for a DC-DC Boost Converter operated in Continuous Conduction mode

Design of Sliding Mode Control for Negative Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converter operated in Continuous Conduction Mode

Modelling and implementation of fixed switching frequency sliding mode controller for negative output elementary super lift Luo-converter

Hysteresis Modulation Based Sliding Mode Control for Positive Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converter