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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Recent advances in physical reservoir computing: A review

Optical Waveguide Theory

Driven by the increasing demand on handing microwave signals with compact device, low power consumption, high efficiency and high reliability, it is highly desired to generate, distribute, and process microwave signals using photonic integrated circuits. Silicon photonics offers a promising platform facilitating ultracompact microwave photonic signal processing assisted by silicon nanophotonic devices. In this paper, we propose, theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate a simple scheme to realize ultracompact rejection ratio tunable notch microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a silicon photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with fixed extinction ratio. Using a conventional modulation scheme with only a single phase modulator (PM), the rejection ratio of the presented MPF can be tuned from about 10 dB to beyond 60 dB. Moreover, the central frequency tunable operation in the high rejection ratio region is also demonstrated in the experiment.

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Photonic crystal nanocavity assisted rejection ratio tunable notch microwave photonic filter

Graphene plasmons were predicted to possess ultra-strong field confinement and very low damping at the same time, enabling new classes of devices for deep subwavelength metamaterials, single-photon nonlinearities, extraordinarily strong light-matter interactions and nano-optoelectronic switches. While all of these great prospects require low damping, thus far strong plasmon damping was observed, with both impurity scattering and many-body effects in graphene proposed as possible explanations. With the advent of van der Waals heterostructures, new methods have been developed to integrate graphene with other atomically flat materials. In this letter we exploit near-field microscopy to image propagating plasmons in high quality graphene encapsulated between two films of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). We determine dispersion and particularly plasmon damping in real space. We find unprecedented low plasmon damping combined with strong field confinement, and identify the main damping channels as intrinsic thermal phonons in the graphene and dielectric losses in the h-BN. The observation and in-depth understanding of low plasmon damping is the key for the development of graphene nano-photonic and nano-optoelectronic devices.

Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures

Researchers use hyperbolic metamaterials to make an integrated Cherenkov light source and relax the electron energy requirements. Radiation covering the visible range and near-infrared is achieved with electron energies of only 0.25–1.4 keV.

Integrated Cherenkov radiation emitter eliminating the electron velocity threshold

In this paper, we present an investigation on the use of Au-Ag alloy popcorn-shaped nanoparticles (NPs) to realise the broadband optical absorption enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Both simulation and experimental results indicate that compared with regular plasmonic NPs, such as nano-spheres, irregular popcorn-shaped alloy NPs exhibit absorption enhancement over a broad wavelength range due to the excitation of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) at different wavelengths. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSCs is enhanced by 16% from 5.26% to 6.09% by incorporating 2.38 wt% Au-Ag alloy popcorn NPs. Moreover, by adding a scattering layer on the exterior of the counter electrode, the popcorn NPs demonstrate an even stronger ability to increase the PCE by 32% from 5.94% to 7.85%, which results from the more efficient excitation of the LSP mode on the popcorn NPs.

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Broadband light absorption enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells with Au-Ag alloy popcorn nanoparticles.

An integrated photonic reservoir computing (RC) based on hierarchical time-multiplexing structure is proposed by numerical simulations. A micro-ring array (MRA) is employed as a typical time delay implementation of RC. At the output port of the MRA, a secondary time-multiplexing is achieved by multi-mode interference (MMI) splitter and delay line array. This hierarchical time-multiplexing structure can ensure a large reservoir size with fast processing speed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed RC system yields better performance than previously reported ones. The achieved normalized mean square error between the system output and target sequence are 0.5% and 2.7% for signal classification and chaotic time series prediction, respectively, while the sample rate is as high as 1.3 Gbps.

Integrated photonic reservoir computing based on hierarchical time-multiplexing structure

We present an investigation on utilizing plasmonic aluminium (Al) nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the optical absorption of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The Al NPs exhibit not only the light absorption enhancement in solar cells with localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect but also the chemical stability to iodide/triiodide electrolyte. Besides, the lower work function (~4.06 eV), compared with that of TiO2 (~4.6 eV), may suppress the quenching processes, such as charge transfer to metal NPs, to reduce the loss. Thus, high concentration of Al NPs could be incorporated into the TiO2 anodes, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSCs is improved by nearly 13%. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization also indicates that the plasmonic DSCs with Al NPs present better electrochemical performance than regular ones, which contributes to the improvement of PCE of the device.

Aluminum plasmonic nanoparticles enhanced dye sensitized solar cells

Optical switch based on an ultra-compact double-slot photonic crystal waveguide (DS-PCWG) with a titanium/aluminum microheater is demonstrated. The operating principle relies on shifting a transmission-dip caused by the defect mode coupling in photonic band gap (PBG). Based on the unique mode coupling in PBG, low switching power of 9.2 mW and high extinction ratio of 17 dB are achieved experimentally while the length of DS-PCWG is only 16 μm.

Kaiyu Cui

Papers

Integrated Cherenkov radiation emitter eliminating the electron velocity threshold

Broadband light absorption enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells with Au-Ag alloy popcorn nanoparticles.

Integrated photonic reservoir computing based on hierarchical time-multiplexing structure

Aluminum plasmonic nanoparticles enhanced dye sensitized solar cells

Thermo-optic switch based on transmission-dip shifting in a double-slot photonic crystal waveguide