Showing papers by "Karen M. Emmons published in 1994"
TL;DR: The results suggest that smokers are a particularly important target for health promotion interventions, and it may be possible to make initial contact with them through other health programs at the worksite, as well as mediators such as motivation for change.
242 citations
113 citations
TL;DR: To evaluate the relationship between self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and saliva cotinine concentrations, 186 nonsmokers were studied and volunteers who reported regular exposure at work had higher cotinin levels than those who did not.
100 citations
TL;DR: There was a 60% reduction in nicotine levels following smoking cessation by the household smoker, however, there were still detectable levels of nicotine measured at posttest.
Abstract: Nonsmokers who live with smokers are at increased risk for chronic disease. This study evaluated the impact of eliminating smoking in the home on nonsmokers' environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. Nonsmokers participated in measurements of their ETS exposure before and after the smoker in their home quit smoking. A matched comparison group of nonsmokers from nonsmoking homes was also included. ETS exposure was assessed using passive nicotine monitors, an exposure diary, and a questionnaire. Nonsmokers from smoking homes had significantly higher exposure to ETS than those from nonsmoking homes. There was a 60% reduction in nicotine levels following smoking cessation by the household smoker. However, there were still detectable levels of nicotine measured at posttest. These results have important implications for individual risk reduction and public health policy.
32 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The characteristics of companies that either accepted or declined participation in a 5-year randomized trial of a multirisk factor health promotion intervention were compared to investigate potential limitations on the generalizability of research findings.
Abstract: The characteristics of companies that either accepted or declined participation in a 5-year randomized trial of a multirisk factor health promotion intervention were compared to investigate potential limitations on the generalizability of research findings. A representative sample of 151 manufacturing work sites in the northeast was recruited to participate. Sixty-four of the companies were determined to be eligible and 10 others, which refused to have an administrator interviewed, were presumed to be eligible. Of this group, 27 companies agreed to participate. Work force demographics, shift structure, and prior history of health promotion offerings were not significantly different in the two groups. However, participating companies employed fewer workers and had a more favorable financial outlook than did companies that declined to participate. Implications of these findings for research on work site health promotion are discussed.
22 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Oncology nurses can become more actively involved in effective smoking interventions by incorporating current research findings and theoretical models of behavior change into daily practice.
Abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To identify strategies for oncology nurses to assist patients with cancer in modifying their smoking behaviors. DATA SOURCES: Published research articles, conference proceedings, Surgeon General Reports, and book chapters. DATA SYNTHESIS: Cigarette smoking is associated with a variety of cancers, and persistent smoking following a cancer diagnosis contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Smoking cessation affords numerous health benefits to patients with cancer, including improved respiratory functioning, increased activity tolerance, and a personal sense of accomplishment. To date, few smoking interventions have targeted patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Oncology nurses can become more actively involved in effective smoking interventions by incorporating current research findings and theoretical models of behavior change into daily practice. NURSING IMPLICATIONS: Oncology nurses can more effectively help their patients who smoke by assessing smoking status and patients' readiness to quit; providing brief, supportive messages consistently over time; offering or referring patients to appropriate resources; and providing continued follow-up.
14 citations