https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8589931/file/8609217.pdf

Methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines

State of the art of multi-fuel reformers for fuel cell vehicles: problem identification and research needs

A propulsion system for a vehicle having pairs of front and rear wheels and a fuel tank. An electrically driven motor having an output shaft operatively connected to at least one of said pair of wheels is connected to a fuel cell having a positive electrode and a negative electrode separated by an electrolyte for producing dc power to operate the motor. A partial oxidation reformer is connected both to the fuel tank and to the fuel cell receives hydrogen-containing fuel from the fuel tank and water and air and for partially oxidizing and reforming the fuel with water and air in the presence of an oxidizing catalyst and a reforming catalyst to produce a hydrogen-containing gas. The hydrogen-containing gas is sent from the partial oxidation reformer to the fuel cell negative electrode while air is transported to the fuel cell positive electrode to produce dc power for operating the electric motor.

Fuel cell system for transportation applications

A process for operating an internal combustion heat engine which comprises the steps of thermochemically regenerating waste heat rejected by the heat engine by reacting at least one conventional fuel compound containing hydrogen and carbon with an oxygen donor using substantial quantities of the waste heat to produce a mixture of engine-fuel containing substantial quantities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and utilizing the mixture of engine-fuel to operate an internal combustion engine.

Method and apparatus for improved operation of internal combustion engines

A process for performing energy conversion that converts pressure energy to produce expansive work in one or more devices selected from the group including a reversible fuel cell, expansion motor, and heat releasing combustor.

Pressure energy conversion systems

Process for the treatment of liquids consisting mainly of methanol as fuels for mobile or stationary combustion engines or as hydrogen sources for fuel cells, which comprises passing the methanol mixture through a reaction chamber containing a noble metal supported catalyst for the catalytic decomposition or steam reforming of methanol, which is composed of: (A) a noble metal component of one or more elements of Group VIII of the Periodic Table on a carrier material which comprises, (B 1 ) TiO 2 or CeO 2 , singly or in admixture with other refractory metallic oxides and/or binders, or (B 2 ) TiO 2 or CeO 2 , applied to the surface of a preformed refractory carrier.

Process for treatment of liquids consisting primarily of methanol

Operation of a methanol engine on partially dissociated methanol is an efficient tool to improve energy efficiency and exhaust gas composition. The key factor of the system is the dissociation catalyst, which should be highly active, break down methanol completely with only minor formation of by-products, and unaffected by air addition. Laboratory scale screening tests showed that a noble-metal catalyst is best suited for this purpose. Engine tests employing such a catalyst gave up to 10% better energy consumption and very favorable exhaust emissions as compared to engines on pure methanol.

Engine operation on partially dissociated methanol

Einrichtung zur Aufbereitung von im wesentlichen aus Methanol bestehenden Flussigkeiten als Kraftstoffe fur mobile oder stationare Brennkraftmaschinen bzw. als Wasserstoffquelle fur Brennstoffelemente, die in einer Reaktionskammer einen Edelmetall-Tragerkatalysator zur katalytischen Spaltung bzw. Dampfreformierung von Methanol enthalt, der aus Means for processing consisting of methanol essentially liquids as fuel for mobile or stationary internal-combustion engines or as hydrogen source for fuel cells, which contains a supported noble metal catalyst for catalytic cracking or steam reforming of methanol in a reaction chamber, consisting of (A) einer Edelmetallkomponente aus einem oder mehreren Elementen der 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems auf (A) a noble metal component selected from one or more elements of subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table (B) einem oxidischen Trager auf der Basis (B) an oxide carrier based on (B,) von Ti0 2 oder Ce0 2 , gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit anderen feuerfesten Metalloxiden und/oder einem hydraulischen Binder, oder (B,) of Ti0 2 or Ce0 2, optionally in admixture with other refractory metal oxides and / or a hydraulic binder, or (B 2 ) von TiO 2 oder Ce0 2 , die als Zwischenschicht auf die Oberflache eines vorgeformten feuerfesten Tragers aufgebracht sind, (B 2) of TiO 2 or Ce0 2, which are applied as an intermediate layer on the surface of a preformed refractory support, zusammengesetzt ist. is composed.

Karl-Werner Ellinger

Papers

Process for treatment of liquids consisting primarily of methanol

Engine operation on partially dissociated methanol

Device for the preparation of liquids being essentially composed of methanol