世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

A graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or edges, or both, subject to certain conditions. Graph labelings were first introduced in the late 1960s. In the intervening years dozens of graph labelings techniques have been studied in over 1000 papers. Finding out what has been done for any particular kind of labeling and keeping up with new discoveries is difficult because of the sheer number of papers and because many of the papers have appeared in journals that are not widely available. In this survey I have collected everything I could find on graph labeling. For the convenience of the reader the survey includes a detailed table of contents and index.

/pdf/a-dynamic-survey-of-graph-labeling-198znmwxtq.pdf

A Dynamic Survey of Graph Labeling

From the Publisher: \nThe telephone looms large in our lives, as ever present in modern societies as cars and television. Claude Fischer presents the first social history of this vital but little-studied technologyhow we encountered, tested, and ultimately embraced it with enthusiasm. Using telephone ads, oral histories, telephone industry correspondence, and statistical data, Fischer's work is a colorful exploration of how, when, and why Americans started communicating in this radically new manner. Studying three California communities, Fischer uncovers how the telephone became integrated into the private worlds and community activities of average Americans in the first decades of this century. Women were especially avid in their use, a phenomenon which the industry first vigorously discouraged and then later wholeheartedly promoted. Again and again Fischer finds that the telephone supported a wide-ranging network of social relations and played a crucial role in community life, especially for women, from organizing children's relationships and church activities to alleviating the loneliness and boredom of rural life. Deftly written and meticulously researched, America Calling adds an important new chapter to the social history of our nation and illuminates a fundamental aspect of cultural modernism that is integral to contemporary life. \nAuthor Biography: Claude S. Fischer is Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, and the author of To Dwell among Fris: Personal Networks in Town and City (1982) and The Urban Experience (1984).

America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and their applications are attracting significant attention in research and industry. ITS makes use of various sensing and communication technologies to assist transportation authorities and vehicles drivers in making informative decisions and provide leisure and safe driving experience. Data collection and dispersion are of utmost importance for the proper operation of ITS applications. Numerous standards, architectures and communication protocols have been anticipated for ITS applications. However, existing schemes are based on assumption that vehicles and roadside devices are equipped with sensing and communication capabilities. One of the major gaps of these approaches is their inability to capture events that can easily be logged by drivers using their mobile phones. In this paper, we propose to fill the gap by the use of Crowdsourcing in ITS namely, CrowdITS. In CrowdITS human inputs, along with available sensory data, are collected and communicated to a processing server using mobile phones. The basic idea is to use the Crowd with smart mobile phones to enable certain ITS applications without the need of any special sensors or communication devices, both in-vehicle and on-road. Alternatively, we integrate and aggregate human inputs with multiple information sources, and then selectively disseminate the aggregated information based on the driver's geo-location. Conceptually, the major change is to integrate human inputs, with multiple information sources, aggregate and finally it is localized according to the driver's geo-location. We describe the design of CrowdITS, report on the development of key ITS applications using Android and iPhone mobile phones, and outline the future work in the development of crowdsourced-based applications for intelligent transportation systems.

/pdf/crowdits-crowdsourcing-in-intelligent-transportation-systems-1ipjpni0ks.pdf

CrowdITS: Crowdsourcing in intelligent transportation systems

In this paper, we will investigate a famous model of nonlinear sciences namely (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear spin dynamics of Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chains (HFSC) model for the evaluation of...

Conserved quantities along with Painlevé analysis and optical solitons for the nonlinear dynamics of Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chains model

Over five billion people are active cellular subscribers, spending over a trillion dollars a year on communications. Despite this, hundreds of millions of people are still not connected. Implicit in these networks is a top-down design, with large nation-scale telecommunication firms deciding when and where coverage will be available. This is enforced by the large capital investment required to run cellular systems; base stations can cost upwards of US$100,000 and require expensive related core infrastructure. Recent technological innovations have enabled much cheaper cellular equipment; a base station now costs around US$10,000 and requires none of the other related systems. This reduction in cost is enabling new models of cellular telephony. Small organizations are suddenly capable of being service providers. In this work we ask, "How successful would bottom-up cellular networks be?" Essentially we argue for and demonstrate a local cellular network, utilizing existing infrastructure (e.g., power, network, and people) to operate at much lower cost, with less required capital, bringing coverage to areas not traditionally able to support cellular deployments. This network also provides sustainable employment and revenue to local entrepreneurs and services for the local community. We demonstrate the value of this concept by conducting an ongoing six-month long field deployment in rural Papua, Indonesia, in partnership with local NGOs. This network is currently live, with 187 subscribers sustainably providing US$830 per month in revenue (US$368 in profit) for the operator and employment for three different credit sellers in the village. We also show that this network provides a valuable service to the community through usage logs and user interviews.

/pdf/local-sustainable-small-scale-cellular-networks-1kqmtd4x9j.pdf

Local, sustainable, small-scale cellular networks

Optical solitons for Biswas–Milovic equation by new extended auxiliary equation method

In this paper, we find multiple travelling wave solutions using three integration schemes to integrate the model of electrical transmission line. These schemes are $$(G^{\prime }/G)$$
 -expansion method, extended tanh method and sine–cosine method, which are applied with computerized symbolic computation. The different kinds of solutions: solitary, shock, singular, periodic, rational and kink-shaped, are obtained. The corresponding integrability criteria, also known as constraint conditions, naturally emerge from the analysis of the transmission line equation.

Kashif Ali

Papers

CrowdITS: Crowdsourcing in intelligent transportation systems

Conserved quantities along with Painlevé analysis and optical solitons for the nonlinear dynamics of Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chains model

Local, sustainable, small-scale cellular networks

Optical solitons for Biswas–Milovic equation by new extended auxiliary equation method

Multiple travelling wave solutions for electrical transmission line model