To identify underlying patterns in the alliance literature, an empirical review of the many existing studies that relate alliance to outcome was conducted. After an exhaustive literature review, the data from 79 studies (58 published, 21 unpublished) were aggregated using meta-analytic procedures. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that the overall relation of therapeutic alliance with outcome is moderate, but consistent, regardless of many of the variables that have been posited to influence this relationship. For patient, therapist, and observer ratings, the various alliance scales have adequate reliability. Across most alliance scales, there seems to be no difference in the ability of raters to predict outcome. Moreover, the relation of alliance and outcome does not appear to be influenced by other moderator variables, such as the type of outcome measure used in the study, the type of outcome rater, the time of alliance assessment, the type of alliance rater, the type of treatment provided, or the publication status of the study.

Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review.

The authors reviewed the application of consensual qualitative research (CQR) in 27 studies published since the method's introduction to the field in 1997 by C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams (1997). After first describing the core components and the philosophical underpinnings of CQR, the authors examined how it has been applied in terms of the consensus process, biases, research teams, data collection, data analysis, and writing up the results and discussion sections of articles. On the basis of problems that have arisen in each of these areas, the authors made recommendations for modifications of the method. The authors concluded that CQR is a viable qualitative method and suggest several ideas for research on the method itself.

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Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update

Preface All individuals exist in social, political, historical, and economic contexts, and psychologists are increasingly called upon to understand the influence of these contexts on individuals’ behavior. The “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” reflect the continuing evolution of the study of psychology, changes in society at large, and emerging data about the different needs of particular individuals and groups historically marginalized or disenfranchised within and by psychology based on their ethnic/racial heritage and social group identity or membership. These “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” reflect knowledge and skills needed for the profession in the midst of dramatic historic sociopolitical changes in U.S. society, as well as needs of new constituencies, markets, and clients. The specific goals of these guidelines are to provide psychologists with (a) the rationale and needs for addressing multiculturalism and diversity in education, training, research, practice, and organizational change; (b) basic information, relevant terminology, current empirical research from psychology and related disciplines, and other data that support the proposed guidelines and underscore their importance; (c) references to enhance ongoing education, training, research, practice, and organizational change methodologies; and (d) paradigms that broaden the purview of psychology as a profession.

Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists

Recent estimates of mental health morbidity among adults reporting same-gender sexual partners suggest that lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals may experience excess risk for some mental disorders as compared with heterosexual individuals. However, sexual orientation has not been measured directly. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 2,917 midlife adults, the authors examined possible sexual orientation-related differences in morbidity, distress, and mental health services use. Results indicate that gay-bisexual men evidenced higher prevalence of depression, panic attacks, and psychological distress than heterosexual men. Lesbian-bisexual women showed greater prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder than heterosexual women. Services use was more frequent among those of minority sexual orientation. Findings support the existence of sexual orientation differences in patterns of morbidity and treatment use.

Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States.

Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review

Constructing Identity - the Nature and Meaning of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Identity Development, Ellen M. Broido Coming Out -LGB Identity Development - Implications for Practitioners, Amy R. Reynolds and William F. Hanjorgiris Somewhere in Des Moines or San Antonio - Historical Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Mental health, Esther D. Rothblum Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People of Colour - Understanding Cultural Complexity and Managing Multiple Oppressions, Mary A. Fukuyama and Angela D. Ferguson Pitfalls and Possibilities - Applying Counselling Theories to Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Ruth E. Fassinger First Do No Harm - Therapist Issues in Psychotherapy with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Susan L. Morrow Individual Therapy with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Sari H. Dworkin Group Counselling Theory and Practice with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Kurt A. DeBord and Ruperto M. Perez Potential Counselling Concerns of Aging Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Augustine Baron and David W. Cramer Issues in Counselling Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Scott L. Hershberger and Anthony R. D'Augelli Focus on the Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Family, Connie R. Matthews and Suzanne H. Lease Relationships and Couples Counselling, Shelly M. Ossana Programmatic Research on the Treatment of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients - the Past, the Present and the Course for the Future, Kathleen J. Bieschke et al Training Issues and Considerations, Julia C. Phillips Psychoeducational Programming - Creating a Context of Mental Health for People Who Are Lesbian, Gay or Bisexual, Barry A. Schreier and Doland L. Werden Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Vocational Psychology - Reviewing Foundations and Planning Construction, James M. Croteau et al Religion and Spirituality, Mary Gage Davidson Health Behaviour Relevant to Psychotherapy with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients, Michael R. Kauth et al.

Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients.

The "Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy With Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Clients, Second Edition" significantly builds upon the areas of knowledge mapped in the award-winning first edition and explores the practical ramifications of recent changes regarding therapy with this population. In this thoroughly updated edition, the editors focus critical attention on the need to enhance our understanding of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients. They incorporate new and emerging areas of scholarship and reflect on implications of recent changes in our society, including political struggles for gay civil unions, marriage, and adoption rights. This volume focuses on the complex cultural contexts of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals and explores how to provide them with effective psychotherapy across a range of presenting concerns. The authors stress the importance of affirmation with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients throughout. This second edition of the Handbook will be an essential resource for all therapists, counselors, and researchers.

Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients, 2nd ed.

In this study, the R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, and G. Hackett (1994) social cognitive model of interest development was applied to the prediction of interest in research. Participants included 184 counseling psychology doctoral students. Results of a path analysis indicated that 5 variables were significant predictors of interest in research: research outcome expectations, research self-efficacy beliefs, investigative interests, artistic interests, and age. In addition, several factors indirectly affected interest in research through effects on research self-efficacy-the research training environment, Holland Investigative interests, and year in program. Research training environment, Holland Investigative interests, and research self-efficacy beliefs also had an impact on interest in research indirectly through their effects on research outcome expectations.

Applying social cognitive theory to interest in research among counseling psychology doctoral students: A path analysis.

The Research Self-Efficacy Scale (RSES; Greeley, et al., 1989) was completed by 177 doctoral students from a wide variety of disciplines. Factor analysis of the RSES indicated four primary factors: Conceptualization, Early Tasks, Presenting the Results, and Implementation. Hierarchical regression analyses focused on 136 subjects from the original sample and indicated that three subscales of the RSES (Early Tasks, Conceptualization, and Implementation) accounted for unique variance in the prediction of interest in research involvement. The number of years in graduate school and involvement in research activities contributed significantly to the prediction of research self-efficacy.

The utility of the research self-efficacy scale

The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and victimization in adulthood was studied using a sample of 548 university women, including 56 who reported childhood incidences of incestuous abuse, 98 who reported sexual abuse by a peer or a nonfamily member, and 394 who reported no childhood sexual abuse experiences Possible mediating variables of shame and dissociation were investigated Chi-square analyses showed that there was a statistically significant association between women who were abused in childhood and adult victimization Logit regression analyses demonstrated that the odds of revictimization in adulthood were greater for women who were abused in childhood than for those who were not abused Dissociation was not found to be a predictor of adult victimization, whereas shame was found to be a statistically significant predictor

Kathleen J. Bieschke

Papers

Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients.

Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients, 2nd ed.

Applying social cognitive theory to interest in research among counseling psychology doctoral students: A path analysis.

The utility of the research self-efficacy scale

A retrospective analysis of shame, dissociation, and adult victimization in survivors of childhood sexual abuse