Kenichi Nakajima

TL;DR: This study quantifies the global transfer of three critical metals considered vital for low-carbon technologies by means of material flow analysis (MFA), using trade data and the metal contents of trade commodities, resolving the optimization problem to ensure the material balance of the metals within each country and region.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a systematic review of studies exploring the projected long-term status of various critical materials, covering 48 elements with 546 data points for global demand through 2030 and 2050, finding that the social and environmental implications induced by demand growth are largely overlooked in these studies, resulting in less attention being given to the spatial divergence between consuming and producing countries in the global supply chain.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the material flow of phosphorus within Japan, including that in the iron and steel industry, on the basis of statistical data for 2002 and found that the quantity of phosphorus in iron-making slag is almost equivalent to that in imported phosphate ore in terms of both the amount and concentration.

TL;DR: The results show that, except for elements such as Mg and Zn, most of the impurities occurred as troublesome tramp elements that are difficult to remove, and indicate that the extent to which the process parameters can be changed in aluminum production is quite limited compared to that for iron and copper production.

TL;DR: In this paper, a confocal scanning laser microscope was used to carry out the experiment of in-situ observation of the two types of inclusion on the molten pool and the attractive force between a pair of inclusions, for both cases, was found to be approximately 1O−17 to 10−16 N.