https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sandf1995/38/Special/38_163/_pdf

Effects of Liquefaction-induced Ground Displacements on Pile Performance in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake

Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils

Introduction.- 1. Microzonation: Developments and Applications.- 2. The Influence of Scale on Microzonation and Impact Studies.- 3. Strong Ground Motion.- 4. Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigations for Ground Response Analyses.- 5. Site Effects.- 6. Evaluation of Liquefaction-Induced Deformation of Structures.- 7. Seismic Zonation Methodologies with Particular Reference to the Italian Situation.- 8. Seismic Microzonation: A Case Study.- 9. Dynamic Analysis of Solid Waste Landfills and Lining Systems.- 10. Earthquake Resistant Design of Shallow Foundations.- 11. Behaviour and Design of Deep Foundation Subjected to Earthquakes.- References.- Index.

Recent advances in earthquake geotechnical engineering and microzonation

In the 4 September 2010 (M W=7.1) and 22 February 2011 (M W=6.2) earthquakes, widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading occurred throughout Christchurch and the town of Kaiapoi. The severe soil liquefaction and lateral spreading in particular caused extensive and heavy damage to residential buildings, Christchurch business district (CBD) buildings, bridges and water supply and wastewater systems of Christchurch. After the earthquake, comprehensive field investigations and inspections were conducted to document the liquefaction-induced land damage and lateral spreading displacements and their impact on buildings and infrastructure. The results of ground surveying measurements of lateral spreads at approximately 120 locations along the Avon River, Kaiapoi River and streams in the affected area reveal permanent lateral ground displacements at the banks of up to 2–3 m that progressed inland as far as 200–250 m from the waterway, causing significant damage to structures located within the spreadin...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.2012.699895

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Response of a group of piles to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading by large scale shake table testing

Simplified Method for Analysis of Piles Undergoing Lateral Spreading in Liquefied Soils

Attempts were made to investigate the features of ground displacements and settlements caused by the lateral spreading of liquefied soil during the earthquake in the wharf areas along the peripheries of Port Island, Rokko Island and Fukae Island At a number of locations, measurements were made on the width of open cracks and vertical offsets across the cracks on the ground surface along alignments in the direction perpendicular to the revetment line By summing up the width of the crack openings successively from the datum point inland, the lateral displacement at any place was determined Similarly, by successively summing up the vertical offsets, the distribution of settlements was obtained as a function of distance inland from the waterfront where caisson-type quay walls are installed The results of the above ground survey disclosed that both lateral displacement and settlement tend to attenuate sharply within a zone of 30 m in proximity to the quaywall line, but they could encroach into the

Characteristics of lateral spreading in liquefied deposits during the 1995 hanshin-awaji earthquake

A well-documented case study from the 1995 Kobe earthquake highlighting the performance of pile foundations in liquefied deposits undergoing lateral spreading is presented. The subject of this study is an oil-storage tank supported on 69 precast concrete piles, 23 m long and 45 cm in diameter. The tank is located in the west part of Mikagehama Island, about 20 m inland from the revetment line. During the Kobe earthquake, the fill deposit surrounding the foundation of the tank developed liquefaction. The quay wall moved seawards and consequent lateral spreading of the backfill soils affected seriously the piles supporting the tank. This paper presents results of detailed ground surveying depicting the ground distortion in the backfill soils and observations from field inspection of damage to the piles including bore-hole camera recordings and inclinometer measurements along the length of the pile. The piles were found to have suffered largest damage at depths corresponding to the interface between the liquefied fill deposit and the underlying non-liquefied soil layer. A simplified numerical analysis methodology was developed and used to perform the back-analysis for the piles damaged by the lateral spreading. The location and extent of the damage to the piles computed in the numerical analysis were shown to be in good correspondence with the actual damage observed in the field inspection of two piles of the tank foundation.

/pdf/case-studies-of-pile-foundations-undergoing-lateral-18e6r14xw8.pdf

Kenji Ishihara

Papers

Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils

Simplified Method for Analysis of Piles Undergoing Lateral Spreading in Liquefied Soils

Characteristics of lateral spreading in liquefied deposits during the 1995 hanshin-awaji earthquake

Case Studies of Pile Foundations Undergoing Lateral Spreading in Liquefied Deposits

Assessment of Pile Group Response to Lateral Spreading by Single Pile Analysis