Showing papers by "Kenneth M. Carpenter published in 2014"
TL;DR: Adding memantine does not appear to increase the effectiveness of injectable XR naltrexone as a relapse prevention strategy in opioid dependence and may lead to an increase in treatment drop-out.
36 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that a multimodal model can predict treatment success in cocaine dependence at an individual level, and pose hypotheses for the underlying neural circuitry mechanisms responsible for individual variations in treatment outcome.
11 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ventral striatal PET signal alone can predict individual treatment response with a substantial degree of accuracy (cross-validated correct rate ǫ = 82%). Incorporating information from other regions of interest in the striatum does not improve predictive performance, except for a small improvement with adding the posterior caudate.
6 citations
TL;DR: In a subgroup of cocaine-dependent patients, deviation of cortisol secretion away from the homeostatic diurnal pattern was associated with reduced success at achieving early abstinence, an important determinant of treatment success.
Abstract: Background and Objective
Hypothesizing that stress dysregulation may worsen cocaine dependence, we investigated the effect of diurnal cortisol secretion profile, suppression of cortisol secretion, and total cortisol secretion on retention, abstinence-based voucher earnings, days of cravings, and mood status of participants at the end of a 2-week medication-free lead-in prior to randomization in a clinical trial of mirtazapine (60 mg vs. placebo) for depressed cocaine-dependent patients.
Methods
We measured saliva cortisol levels at 9 AM, 2 PM, and 5 PM on the first two consecutive days of a 2-week medication-free lead-in period. Results from saliva samples were used to estimate the total daily level of cortisol, the diurnal profile of secretion (typical vs. atypical), and response to dexamethasone suppression (.1 mg). Seventy-seven patients collected saliva samples at baseline, and 65 (85%) were suitable for profile analysis.
Results
Patients with typical profiles (52%) collected significantly more abstinence-based voucher earnings during the lead-in (U = 299.50, p = .025). Diurnal secretion profile did not significantly affect mood status, days of craving, or retention. There were no significant effects of suppression of cortisol secretion or of total cortisol levels on any outcome measures.
Conclusion
In a subgroup of cocaine-dependent patients, deviation of cortisol secretion away from the homeostatic diurnal pattern was associated with reduced success at achieving early abstinence, an important determinant of treatment success. (Am J Addict 2014;23:1–6)
4 citations