The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) brought innovation along with unprecedented benefits of convenience and efficacy in many operations that were otherwise very cumbersome. This innovation explosion has surfaced a new dimension of vulnerability and physical threat to the data integrity of IoT networks. Implementing conventional cryptographic algorithms on IoT devices is not future-proof as these devices are constrained in terms of computational power, performance, and memory. In this paper, we are proposing a novel framework, a unique model that integrates IoT networks with a blockchain to address potential privacy and security threats for data integrity. Smart contracts are instrumental in this integration process and they are used to handle device authentication, authorization and access-control, and data management. We further share a new design model for interfaces to integrate both platforms while highlighting its performance results over the existing models. With the incorporation of off-chain data storage into the framework, overall scalability of the system can be increased. Finally, our research concludes how the proposed framework can be fused virtually into any existing IoT applications with minimal modifications.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1389/pdf

Proof of Concept of Scalable Integration of Internet of Things and Blockchain in Healthcare.

The design and implementation of a low-cost system for monitoring and remote control of a greenhouse using fuzzy logic is presented. For the control system, an Arduino Mega board was programmed with a fuzzy algorithm to monitor and perform control actions for environmental temperature, soil moisture, relative humidity, and lighting. A website was designed to visualize the main indicators of agricultural interest and to get access to tools such as forced ventilation, misting systems, and sprinkler irrigation. For connectivity to the webpage, an Arduino Ethernet Shield was used. Thus, it was possible to establish a local area network and monitor and control the greenhouse climate variables manually or automatically. The application designed allowed access to the configuration, monitoring, and control of climatic conditions in the greenhouse. The effectiveness of fuzzy logic to control nonlinear systems was therefore verified without the mathematical model of the plant. Thus, the use of resources for a gable roof greenhouse prototype was optimized.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/6/4/71/pdf/1

Low-Cost Fuzzy Logic Control for Greenhouse Environments with Web Monitoring

The concept of Industry 4.0 is a newly emerging focus of research throughout the world. However, it has lots of challenges to control data, and it can be addressed with various technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Software Defined Networking (SDN), and Blockchain (BC) for managing data securely. Further, the complexity of sensors, appliances, sensor networks connecting to the internet and the model of Industry 4.0 has created the chal-lenge of designing systems, infrastructure and smart applications capable of continuously analyzing the data produced. Regarding these, the authors present a distributed Blockchain-based security to industry 4.0 applications with SDN-IoT enabled environment. Where the Blockchain can be capable of leading the robust, privacy and confidentiality to our desired system. In addition, the SDN-IoT incorporates the different services of industry 4.0 with more security as well as flexibility. Furthermore, the authors offer an excellent combination among the technologies like IoT, SDN and Blockchain to improve the security and privacy of Industry 4.0 services properly. Finally , the authors evaluate performance and security in a variety of ways in the presented architecture.

/pdf/distb-sdoindustry-enhancing-security-in-industry-4-0-4xmh7bqsuj.pdf

DistB-SDoIndustry: Enhancing Security in Industry 4.0 Services based on Distributed Blockchain through Software Defined Networking-IoT Enabled Architecture

Power line correspondence is a progressive thought that phone correspondence is moved on another establishment. Power line correspondence (PLC) is one of the advancements that have shown accommodating for control applications. It is broadly use in home robotization, car and web access applications.Power Company have been worked the robotization framework for transferring and supervisory controls by utilizing open correspondence system. Be that as it may, these frameworks must have the strictest necessities of correspondence. Thus, there are great deals of troubles to apply to the Automation System considering the cost, area environment, and different attributes of electrical cables. Be that as it may, as of late, the current electrical cable can be utilized as correspondence media by utilizing Power Line Communication (PLC). PLC can be embraced as a primary correspondence implies, and other wired/remote can be received as second means. With a specific end goal to this, the high voltage PLC must be utilized as a long separation correspondence system.

Power Line Communication

In the automobile sector, the new advancements in technology help the vendors in developing smart vehicles. These smart vehicles are designed to provide all sort of comfort to the society. But still, some improvements are required to make these vehicles smarter in terms of environmental pollution management. The other cause of air pollution is due to the toxic gases released by the industries. The environment pollution is still increasing gradually despite the various efforts of government. A number of solutions are available in the literature to control and monitor environmental pollution. The examination uncovers that there is a necessity of a sensor based embedded system that can screen and control the air contamination with generation of challan from anyplace in the world using IOT. An embedded system prototype has been designed on the concept of an internet of things scenario that uses sensors and actuators around Raspberry Pi board. The system prototype is programmed in python using some standard libraries available on adafruit and github. A web page is also designed to monitor the level of gases remotely at any place in the world. The results demonstrate that the complete system has been successfully tested and implemented.

Vehicle Pollution Monitoring, Control and Challan System Using MQ2 Sensor Based on Internet of Things

Varity of appliances have been presented in a house with the development of social economy and rapid increase in the needs of the people. There is a problem in the management and control of these appliances so as to meet the comfort, health and security at home. To overcome this problem a smart control based system has been proposed. When we talk about Internet of things (IoT), there are large numbers of distinct devices which are connected throughout different systems. These systems provide open platform to all digital devices accessing data from such systems. So, it becomes quite difficult to design such a system for IoT which can handle large classification of devices and also technologies like link layer associated to it. To connect such a sophisticated network on IoT one need to have central server (server could be created over Wi-Fi network) which can facilitate all smart phones, tablets and other digital devices.

Smart home system based on Internet of Things

The advent of new technologies has revolutionized the era of embedded system design in a way that every user is surrounded by smart devices (robots) which makes their life easier and comfortable. It has also been predicted by the researchers that by 2020, there will be billions of embedded devices talking to each other as compared to human beings termed as Internet of things (IOT). This paper is generally appropriated with the development of autonomous mobile robot used for wireless position tracking using GPS and sending that precise information on to a device such as mobile or tablet using GSM. This robot is equipped with GPS (for detection of location), GSM (for wireless data transfer), DTMF (for controlling robot with mobile or tab), sonar sensor (for obstacle detection) and flash light (for night vision). This mobile robot has wide variety of applications in industries like defense, aerospace, agriculture, and security etc. The basic functionality of the proposed design is simulated on proteus 7.1 and the complete design is implemented around ARM7 controller with required necessary interfaces.

Wireless Position Tracking of a DTMF based Mobile Robot using GSM and GPS

Speed is one of the key reasons for accident in vehicles. These over speed accidents could be avoided if emergency services could be able to get the information and take necessary actions in time. Now a day it is very hard to imagine our daily life without transportation. Every invention has some limitation and so with the transportation. With the increase in the population the numbers of vehicles also increase on roads and highways to meet the necessity of travelling. And hence with the increase in vehicles, traffic jams and accidents are also increasing. So we need to develop a system which can help the public in such situations and can reduce the risk of mishap. Today, remote development has tilted the chances for achievement more than ever. This paper insight about mishap of car crisis ready circumstance. In this we are attempting to program a GPS/GSM module fusing an accelerometer to report events of mishap naturally by means of the GSM correspondence stage (utilizing SMS informing) to the closest organizations, for example, doctor's facilities, police headquarters, fire administrations et cetera, giving the definite position of the point where the accident had happened. With the help of this approach we will be able to provide an early response and relief to victims and reduce the risk of life loss due to accident.

http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJCA/vol9_no8/5.pdf

Android Application Based Mishap Identification and Warning System

Among the different government organisations in India, Indian railways are the biggest one providing employment to almost 17 lakh people. It is the biggest railway system of Asia and the second biggest railway of the world. According to 2011–2012 statistics, Indian railways carries over 30 million passengers daily. Since it serves a huge amount of Indian population so there is always a need to maintain them and take safety measures to ensure a happy journey. Here our main concern is the braking system of the train. In India the trains are powered with air brakes and vacuum brakes. However, few of the newer ones have hydraulic brake system. All these brakes can only be applied by the driver. But what if the train is high jacked or the driver dies due to some reason or there is any kind of engine failure? If anything sort of this happens there will be huge loss of life. The solution to this is WIRELESS BRAKING SYSTEM. The system provides flexibility to the other authorities sitting in the control room to control the train brakes in a wireless manner. The principle operation here is the sending of signal that will trigger the brakes and only then they will be applied. The software compiler used in this system is AVR studio and simulation is carried on Proteus VSM.

Khushhali Goel

Papers

Smart home system based on Internet of Things

Wireless Position Tracking of a DTMF based Mobile Robot using GSM and GPS

Android Application Based Mishap Identification and Warning System

Wireless braking system for trains