https://link-springer-com-443.webvpn.jmu.edu.cn/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-68255-6_84.pdf

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biodegradable Plastics and Their Applications

Aim: The study was to design a stable non-aqueous nanoemulsion (NANE) using cosmetically approved ingredients as a vehicle for the water sensitive active ingredients. Materials and Methods: NANE was designed to increase the dermal penetration and permeation and study solubility and dermal bioavailability of cholecalciferol. For better compliance incorporated the NANEs in cosmetics or personal care products. A non-aqueous system was obtained with glycerin and mineral oil stabilized by glycerol monosterate. It was observed that emulsification behavior is completely unpredictable and conventional theories of emulsification and HLB system cannot be applied here. An optimized non-aqueous cream was obtained through implementation of Box-Behnken experimental design. Cholecalciferol was used as model drug which converts into dehydro cholecalciferol in the presence of water. Result and Discussion: NANE was evaluated by pH, rheology, spreadability, drug content, globule size analysis, zeta potential, and stability. The stability studies (agitation, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, accelerated stability) were carried out at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C. Cream was stable at 5°C and 25°C. In vitro drug release shows slow permeation rate but increased retention of cholecalciferol in skin. A comparative study with aqueous formulation shows that non-aqueous cream offers a good stability for cholecalciferol. Conclusion: Results proved that NANE can be used as vehicle for the poorly water-soluble drug, suspension vehicles, and oleogels

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Effect of Formulation Variables on Physicochemical Properties of Cholecalciferol Non-aqueous Nanoemulsion

Early detection of caries is vital for demineralization reverse offering a less pain, as well as accurate and precise caries removal. In this study, the difference in optical properties of normal tissue and human caries lesion has been used for early diagnosis, using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The human tooth sample was illuminated with visible band sources (488, 514 and 633 nm) with power 5 mW. The reflected and emitted light of tested sample was collected using hyperspectral camera in an attempt to generate multispectral images (cubic image). The variation of reflected and emitted power as function in wavelength was employed to generate characteristic spectrum of each tooth tissue. Human teeth caries tissue lesion releases its excess power by emitting fluorescence light producing chemical footprint signature; this signature is dependent on the elemental composition of tooth elements and caries state. This non-invasive, non-contact and non-ionizing imaging system with associated novel pattern recognition algorithm was employed to diagnose and classify dental (enamel and dentin), caries, and white spot lesion. It was reported that the perceived fluorescence emission is function of the illuminating wavelength. While enamel and dentin caries were distinguished and characterized at 633 nm illuminating wavelength; white spot lesion cannot be detected. The enamel caries, dentin caries, and white spot lesion were contoured and recognized at 488 nm and 514 nm wavelengths. Therefore full recognition was achieved through generated cubic image after sample irradiation at 488 nm and 514 nm. This non-invasive, non-contact, and non-ionizing imaging technique with customized image processing algorithm offered high sensitivity, high resolution, and early caries detection with optimum performance at 514 nm.

Hyperspectral imaging system associated with novel subtracting image processing algorithm for dental caries early detection

Context: Novel poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate)-based systems for controlled release of anti-inflammatory drug has been studied.
Methods: Ibuprofen diffusion processes determine the rate of the release at the early stages of the contact of the system with the environment (the first 6-8 h). The coefficient of the release diffusion of a drug depends on its nature, the thickness of the poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) films containing the drug, the concentrations of Ibuprofen, and the molecular weight of the poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate). The use of central composite design (CCD) is used to map the optimal composition range for process parameters; this technique is mainly used to map the optimum ER Tablets. PHB base ER tablet of ibuprofen was prepared by direct compression technique and characterized by physicochemical parameters. The prepared tablets were evaluated physical properties hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release.
Results and discussion: The drug release pattern, kinetic profiles as well as the low rate of IF release from the tablet is in satisfactory agreement with kinetics of weight loss measured in vitro for the PHB Tablet.
Conclusion: The results obtained are critical for developing systems of release of diverse drug, thus, enabling the attainment of the requisite physiological effects on tissues and organs of humans.

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Khyyam Shaikh

Papers

Optimization of Ibuprofen Carrying Poly-(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Extended Release Tablet by Central Composite Design