Showing papers by "Kirk J. Cureton published in 2001"

Muscularity and the density of the fat-free mass in athletes

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to use estimates of body composition from a four-component model to determine whether the density of the fat-free mass (DFFM) is affected by muscularity or musculoskel...

Use of air displacement plethysmography for estimating body fat in a four-component model.

Abstract: MILLARD-STAFFORD, M. L., M. A. COLLINS, E. M. EVANS, T. K. SNOW, K. J. CURETON, and L. B. ROSSKOPF. Use of air displacement plethysmography for estimating body fat in a four-component model. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 8, 2001, pp. 1311–1317.PurposeTo compare measurements of body density (

Intakes of most nutrients remain at acceptable levels during a weight management program using the food exchange system

Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if the food exchange system allows subjects' nutrient intake to remain at recommended levels during a weight-loss program. Design Subjects in an intervention were prescribed an energy-restriction diet and exercise program lasting 32 weeks, and nutrient intake was measured prestudy and after 12, 16, and 32 weeks. Subjects/setting Healthy but overweight and obese premenopausal women (n=219) were recruited at 6 university sites into community-based weight loss programs. One hundred fifteen women completed all aspects of the study. Intervention Energy intake was set at 0.8×resting metabolic rate (RMR) for weeks 1 through 12, 1.0×RMR for weeks 13 through 20, and 1.2×RMR for weeks 21 through 32. Energy intake was based on food exchange tables, with the number of food exchanges adjusted to encourage a distribution of 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 15% protein. Subjects increased their daily walking distance to 3.2km above prestudy levels. Main outcome measures Nutrient intake was measured from four 3-day food records. Statistical analyses performed Repeated measures analysis of variance, with specific time point changes assessed from paired t tests adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results Body mass decreased by a mean±SD of 6.7±3.2kg at week 12 and 7.8±6.2kg by week 32. Walking distance increased by an average of 17.2±10.0km/week during the first 12 weeks, and 12.4±12.4km/week during the last 20 weeks. Despite a 23% to 36% reduction in energy intake during the study, intake of most nutrients was maintained. Intake of vitamin E, calcium, iron, and zinc decreased significantly from prestudy levels during the first 16 weeks of the intervention, but not at week 32. Applications/conclusions Intake of most nutrients can remain at recommended levels when overweight and obese women follow the American Diabetes Association/American Dietetic Association food exchange system during a community-based weight-loss program. Introduction. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101;554–558, 561 .

Assessment of body composition change in a community-based weight management program.

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the use of the leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) system in assessing change in body composition over 32 weeks in overweight and obese women participating in a community weight management program.Design: Intervention, with subjects prescribed an energy-restriction diet and exercise program for 32 weeks and body composition measured pre-study and after 12 and 32 weeks.Subjects and Setting: Overweight and obese premenopausal women (n=201) with no overt disease were recruited at six sites into community-based weight loss programs. One hundred and twenty-four women completed all aspects of the study.Intervention: Energy intake was set at 0.8 × resting metabolic rate (RMR) for weeks 1 through 12, 1.0 × RMR for weeks 13 through 20 and 1.2 × RMR for weeks 21 through 32. Energy intake was based on a food exchange table, with the number of food exchanges adjusted to encourage a percent distribution of 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 15% protein. Sub...

Body composition estimates from multicomponent models using BIA to determine body water.

Abstract: EVANS, E. M., S. A. ARNGRIMSSON, and K. J. CURETON. Body composition estimates from multicomponent models using BIA to determine body water. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 5, 2001, pp. 839 ‐ 845. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of body fat (%BF) from three- and four-component models with total body water (TBW) determined by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA; %BF3C-BIA and %BF4C-BIA) to %BF estimates from densitometry (%BF2C-D) and from three- and four-component models with TBW determined using deuterium dilution (%BF3C-D2O and %BF4C-D2O), the criterion methods. Methods: Measures of body density by hydrostatic weighing, TBW by BIA and D2O dilution, and bone mineral by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were obtained in 40 men and 93 women, 18 ‐ 42 yr. TBW was estimated from BIA resistance (RJL analyzer) using an equation developed and cross-validated in two independent samples. Body fat was estimated using the threecomponent model of Siri (1961) and a four-component model modified from Lohman (1986). Results: There was a strong relation and no significant difference between TBW estimated by BIA and D2 O[ r5 0.94, SEE 5 2.4; 3 # Diff 5 0.0 6 2.4 L (SD), P . 0.05]. There were strong relations between methods for estimating %BF, with deviations from %BF4C-D2O (errors) for %BF3C-BIA [r 5 0.99, SEE 5 2.4% BF, 3 # Diff 52 0.4 6 2.4% BF (SD)] and %BF4C-BIA [r 5 0.99, SEE 5 2.3% BF, 3 # Diff 5 0.2 6 2.3% BF (SD)] being nonsignificant (P . 0.05) although greater than for %BF3C-D2O [r 5 1.00, SEE 5 0.5% BF, 3 # Diff 52 0.6 6 0.5% BF (SD)], and comparable or slightly worse than for %BF2C-D [r 5 0.99, SEE 5 2.3% BF, 3 # Diff 5 0.4 6 2.3% BF (SD)]. Conclusions: We conclude that because estimates of %BF from multicomponent models with TBW estimated from BIA are not more accurate than from body density alone using a two-component model, estimates of %BF from three- and four-component models using TBWBIA are not

Relation of bone mineral density and content to mineral content and density of the fat-free mass.

Abstract: Differences in the mineral fraction of the fat-free mass (MFFM) and in the density of the FFM (DFFM) are often inferred from measures of bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD). We...

Assessment of body composition change in a community-based weight management program

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to validate the use of the leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) system in assessing change in body composition over 32 weeks in overweight and obese women participating in a community weight management program. DESIGN Intervention, with subjects prescribed an energy-restriction diet and exercise program for 32 weeks and body composition measured pre-study and after 12 and 32 weeks. SUBJECTS AND SETTING Overweight and obese premenopausal women (n=201) with no overt disease were recruited at six sites into community-based weight loss programs. One hundred and twenty-four women completed all aspects of the study. INTERVENTION Energy intake was set at 0.8 x resting metabolic rate (RMR) for weeks 1 through 12, 1.0 x RMR for weeks 13 through 20 and 1.2 x RMR for weeks 21 through 32. Energy intake was based on a food exchange table, with the number of food exchanges adjusted to encourage a percent distribution of 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 15% protein. Subjects increased their daily walking distance by 3.2 km above pre-study levels. MEASURES OF OUTCOME Underwater weighing, seven skinfolds, and leg-to-leg BIA tests were used to assess body composition. RESULTS A 3 x 3 repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant difference in detecting change in FFM at 12 and 32 weeks among underwater weighing, BIA and skinfold, (F(4,492)=1.73, p=0.141) (decrease in FFM of 1.0+/-3.3 kg, 1.7+/-2.2 kg, and 1.4+/-3.3 kg respectively, 32 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The leg-to-leg BIA system provides a valid measure of body composition change in overweight premenopausal women during a 32-week community-based weight loss program.

Acoustic startle eyeblink response after acute exercise.

Abstract: The acoustic startle eyeblink response (ASER) is a useful probe for investigating central nervous system activity associated with emotional responses to aversive and appetitive stimuli. Though the ASER is sensitive to change in emotional arousal, the effect of acute physical exertion on ASER has not been reported. We examined changes in ASER amplitude and latency in 26 healthy young men (24 ± 5 yr) after 20 min of cycling at light and hard intensities (40% and 75% VO2peak) and after 20 min of quiet rest. Mixed model ANCOVA, controlling precondition scores, indicated no effects for ASER amplitude or latency in either sedentary or active participants (p >. 10). Our findings indicate that possible effects of acute exercise on potentiated startle or ASER responses elicited by positive or negative foreground stimuli should not be expected to be confounded by an altered baseline acoustic startle eyeblink response when measured in healthy young men.