List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface and Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 PART I: VETO PLAYERS THEORY 17 One: Individual Veto Players 19 Two: Collective Veto Players 38 PART II: VETO PLAYERS AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS 65 Three: Regimes: Nondemocratic, Presidential, and Parliamentary 67 Four: Governments and Parliaments 91 Five: Referendums 116 Six: Federalism, Bicameralism, and Qualified Majorities 136 PART III: POLICY EFFECTS OF VETO PLAYERS 161 Seven: Legislation 165 Eight: Macroeconomic Policies 187 PART IV: SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF VETO PLAYERS 207 Nine: Government Stability 209 Ten: Judiciary and Bureaucracies 222 Eleven: Veto Players Analysis of European Union Institutions 248 Conclusion 283 Bibliography 291 Index 309

Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work

Twenty years ago, in the pages of the, Journal of Common Market Studies, Hedley Bull launched a searing critique of the European Community's "civilian power" in international affairs. Since that time the increasing role of the European Union (EU) in areas of security and defence policy has led to a seductiveness in adopting the notion of "military power Europe". In contrast, I will attempt to argue that by thinking beyond traditional conceptions of the EU's international role and examining the case study of its international pursuit of the abolition of the death penalty, we may best conceive of the EU as a "normative power Europe".

Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?

Twenty years ago, in the pages of the Journal of Common Market Studies, Hedley Bull launched a searing critique of the European Community’s ‘civilian power’ in international affairs. Since that time the increasing role of the European Union (EU) in areas of security and defence policy has led to a seductiveness in adopting the notion of ‘military power Europe’. In contrast, I will attempt to argue that by thinking beyond traditional conceptions of the EU’s international role and examining the case study of its international pursuit of the abolition of the death penalty, we may best conceive of the EU as a ‘normative power Europe’.

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Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace

1. Place animal in induction chamber and anesthetize the mouse and ensure sedation. 2. Once the animal is sedated, move it to a nose cone for hair removal using cream. Only apply cream to the area of the chest that will be utilized for imaging. Once the hair is removed, wipe area with wet gauze to ensure all hair is removed. 3. Move the animal to the imaging platform and tape its paws to the ECG lead plates and insert rectal probe. Body temperature should be maintained at 36-37°C. During imaging, reduce anesthesia to maintain proper heart rate. If the animal shows signs of being awake, use a higher concentration of anesthetic.

人唾液天疱疮抗原的纯化

The article introduces constructivist approaches to research on European integration. While stressing middle-range theory, it recognizes that meta-theoretical choices also matter for theorizing and analysing European integration. Tracing developments in the philosophy of science and in international relations theory, social constructivism is introduced as a way of establishing the 'middle ground' in juxtaposition to rationalism and reflectivism - not as a grand theory for the study of European integration. Crucial aspects of the integration process - polity formation through rules and norms, the transformation of identities, the role of ideas and the uses of language - are thereby opened up to systematic inquiry.

The Social Construction of Europe

PART ONE: PROCESS: THEORIZING EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Overview - Ben Rosamond An Intellectual History of EU Studies Rationalist Approaches to European Integration - Mark A Pollack Constructivist Approaches to European Integration - Jeffrey Checkel Critical Approaches - Ian Manners Historical, Legal, Economic and Sociological Perspectives on EU Politics - Alan S Milward, Ramses Wessel, Adrian Favell, Patrick Crowley and David Mayes PART TWO: THE EU AS POLITY Overview - Simon Hix The EU as a Polity (I) Overview - Markus Jachtenfuchs The EU as a Polity (II) Legislative Politics - Gail McElroy Executive Politics - Jonas Tallberg Judicial Politics - Lisa Conant Organized Interests in the European Union - Jeremy Richardson Political Parties in the European Union - Tapio Raunio Political Communication, Political Socialization, and Public Opinion - Leonard Ray Constitutional Politics - Dario Castiglione and Justus Schoenlau The EU and Comparative Federalism - Kalypso Nicolaidis and R. Daniel Kelemen Political Theory - Andreas Follesdal Philosophy and EU Politics PART THREE: POLITICS AND POLICY-MAKING IN THE EU Overview - Helen Wallace and William Wallace The European Union, Politics, and Policy-Making The Study of Fiscal and Monetary Policy - Mark Hallerberg The Politics of Regulation and the Internal Market - Alasdair Young The Politics of Redistribution - Ian Bache Green Politics and Environmental Policy - Andrea Lenschow Gender - Elizabeth Prugl The Politics of EU Domestic Order - Andrew Geddes (3rd Pillar business) New Forms of Governance in the European Union - Martin Rhodes and Manuele Citi The EU and Domestic Politics - Tanja Borzel and Thomas Risse From Implementation to Europeanization PART FOUR: THE EU AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM Overview - Knud Erik Jorgensen The Union as a Global Actor The Union and International Political Economy - Michael Smith Trade, Aid, and Monetary Policy European Foreign Policy - Walter Carlsnaes The 'European and Universal Process'? - Alex Warleigh The EU, Comparative Regionalism and Global Governance

Handbook of European union politics

PART I: RECONSIDERING CONSTRUCTIVISM 1 Constructivism as an Approach to Interdisciplinary Study, Friedrich V Kratochwil 2 Four Levels and a Discipline, Knud Erik Jorgensen 3 Constructivisms in International Relations: Wendt, Onuf and Kratochwil, Maja Zehfuss 4 Feminism: Constructivism's Other Pedigree, Birgit Locher and Elisabeth Prugl 5 What Systems Theory Can Tell Us about Constructivism, Mathias Albert PART II: PRACTICING CONSTRUCTIVISM 6 Critical Methodology and Constructivism, KM Fierke 7 Discourse Study: Bringing Rigor to Critical Theory, Jennifer Milliken 8 International Relations as Communicative Action, Harald Muller 9 Communicative Action and the World of Diplomacy, Lars G Lose 10 Constructing Globalization, Ben Rosamond EPILOGUE 11 Can We Speak a Common Constructivist Language?, Audie Klotz 12 The Politics of Constructivism, Nicholas G Onuf

Constructing International Relations: The Next Generation

Preface - Notes on the Contributors - Introduction: Approaching European Governance Knud Erik Jorgensen - PART I: CRITIQUE - Rediscovering Institutions: A Reflectivist Critique of Rational Institutionalism Marlene Wind - PART II: DIMENSIONS OF EUROPEAN GOVERNANCE - Conceptualizing European Markus Jachtenfuchs - Reconstructing European Space: From Territorial Politics to Multilevel Governance Thomas Christiansen - The Temporality of European Governance Magnus Ekengren -The Creation of European Supranational Institutions Richard T.Griffiths - PART III: DOMESTIC-EUROPEAN LINKAGES - British Discourses on Europe: Sovereignty of Parliament, Instrumentality and the Non-Mythical Europe Henrik Larsen - The French Garden Is No Longer What It Used To Ulla Holm - Nordic Ideas and Realities. Dynamics and Images Nordic Cooperation Johnny Laursen - PART IV: EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION - PoCo: The Diplomatic Republic of Europe Knud Erik Jorgensen - The Impact of Political Cooperation Ben Tonra - PART V: EPILOGUE - Epilogue: New Bottles for New Wine Janne Haaland Matlary - Bibliography - Index

Reflective approaches to European governance

This article introduces the analytical framework of the collection on the performance of the EU in international institutions and summarizes its main findings. We focus on the role of the EU in the decision-making within international organizations and regimes as a major locus of global governance. We suggest unpacking the concept of EU performance into four core elements: effectiveness (goal achievement); relevance (of the EU for its priority stakeholders); efficiency (ratio between outputs accomplished and costs incurred); and financial/resource viability (the ability of the performing organization to raise the funds required). Based on the case studies of the collection, the findings presented in the second part of the article relate to the identified core elements of performance with a particular emphasis on the dimensions of ‘effectiveness’ and ‘relevance’. Most notably, the EU appears, on balance and over the past two decades, to have become much more relevant for its member states when act...

Knud Erik Jørgensen

Papers

The Social Construction of Europe

Handbook of European union politics

Constructing International Relations: The Next Generation

Reflective approaches to European governance

Introduction: Assessing the EU’s Performance in International Institutions – Conceptual Framework and Core Findings