The additive manufacturing of metals requires optimisation to find the melting conditions that give the desired material properties. A key aspect of the optimisation is minimising the porosity that forms during the melting process. A corresponding analysis of pores of different types (e.g. lack of fusion or keyholes) is therefore desirable. Knowing that pores form under different thermal conditions allows greater insight into the optimisation process. In this work, two pore classification methods were trialled: unsupervised machine learning and defined limits. These methods were applied to 3D pore data from X-ray computed tomography and 2D pore data from micrographs. Data were collected from multiple alloys (Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718, Ti-5553 and Haynes 282). Machine learning was found to be the most useful for 3D pore data and defined limits for the 2D pore data; the latter worked by optimising the limits using energy densities.

/pdf/methods-for-rapid-pore-classification-in-metal-additive-1x6u4qfb8a.pdf

Methods for Rapid Pore Classification in Metal Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, in other words “layered manufacturing” or “3D printer technology” has been developing rapidly in recent years. Unlike the traditional manufacturing method (TM), the working principle of AM technology is to create layer-based production by deposition the layers on top of each other. Owing to its advantages such as material saving, lower cost, the ability to produce parts without the need for molds and the design flexibility in complex shaped parts, it has brought a breath of fresh air to the areas where it is used primarily medical, aerospace and automotive. However, the parts produced by AM method have dimensional limitations. According to recent studies, in order to eliminate this problem, metal materials produced with AM can be combined with commonly used by different welding methods so that large parts can be obtained. In this study, these welding methods are explained and recent researches are examined. AM technology and methods are introduced. The usage areas of the method are described. In addition, the welding parameters and the effects of this new method on the mechanical properties and microstructures are investigated.

Additive manufacturing method and different welding applications

A comprehensive review on laser powder bed fusion of steels: Processing, microstructure, defects and control methods, mechanical properties, current challenges and future trends

The real-time communication and collaboration of the internet of things, the internet of services and cyber-physical systems with each other and with people has started a new era in industrial production. This era called Industry 4.0, brought about revolutionary changes in many areas of life, including education. In order to fully exploit the potential of smart products, services and business opportunities that are expected to be widely used in all sectors in the near future, education systems need to be overhauled to meet the qualified manpower required by this dynamic process. The ability of companies and institutions with strong information and technology infrastructure to reflect advanced digital technologies to innovation and production processes requires some certain skills, described as 21st century skills. Education 4.0, a reflection of the era of Industry 4.0, refers to a period in which education paradigms, approaches and technologies have been changed. In this study, major technology trends and their reflections on learning and teaching processes are examined within the framework of changing educational paradigms and teaching approaches.
 
Keywords: Education 4.0, Industry 4.0, ICT in education, technology trends

Technology trends, Education 4.0 and beyond

Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) in sustainable energy generation and battle against COVID-19 pandemic: The knowledge evolution of 3D printing

The study is focused on the manufacturing of fully dense and porous Ti6Al4V parts by Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) method. In the scope of the study, the reasons of the impact of the powder recoating sys...

A study on elimination of failures resulting from layering and internal stresses in Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing

Background:This study investigated the design and osseointegration process of transitive porous implants that can be used in humans and all trabecular and compact bone structure animals. The aim wa...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.5301/jabfm.5000385

Monitoring the osseointegration process in porous Ti6Al4V implants produced by additive manufacturing: an experimental study in sheep:

Gunumuzde eklemeli imalat teknolojilerinin gelismesine bagli olarak, bu imalat yonteminde kullanilabilen malzeme cesidi de oldukca artmis ve titanyum alasimlari da bu alanda yerini almistir. Eklemeli imalat teknolojisi sayesinde geleneksel imalat yontemleri ile uretimi mumkun olmayan geometriler olusturularak, protez ve implantlarda “kisiye ozel”lik kavrami dogmus ve hastanin kusurlu bolgesine daha uyumlu, ayni zamanda daha hafif implantlarin uretilebilmesi mumkun hale gelmistir. Geleneksel yontemlerle imal edilen metalik implantlarin rijitliklerinin icine ya da uzerine yerlestirildigi kemige gore daha yuksek olmasi, zaman icerisinde implant cevresindeki kemik dokuda tahribat olusturabilmektedir. Kemiklere yerlestirilecek implantlarin elastikiyetlerinin kemige yakin olmasi beklenmektedir. Eklemeli imalat teknolojileri sayesinde implantlarin ic bolgesinde kontrollu gecisli gozenekli (poroz) mikro yapilar olusturulabilmektedir. Boylece, kullanim yerinde yeterince dayanikli, rijitligi dusurulmus, hafif implantlar uretilebilmekte ve gozeneklendirilmis yuzeyleri sayesinde kemik doku gelisimini artirarak kullanim yerindeki kemikle iyi bir osseointegrasyon saglamaktadirlar. Bu calismada, secmeli lazer sinterleme yontemiyle farkli parametrelerde uretilmis deney numunelerinin mekanik ozellikleri incelenmistir. Numunelerin dis yuzeyi, yari kuresel geometri ile puruzlendirilmis ve ic bolgesi kontrollu gecisli gozenekli (KRZ tipi) sekilde tasarlanmistir. Cekme dayanimlari, basma dayanimlari, darbe direncleri ve sertlikleri olculerek en iyi parametre/parametreler belirlenmistir. Farkli tarama stratejileri, farkli parametreler kullanilarak elde edilen sonuclar literaturle kiyaslanmistir.

/pdf/ti6al4v-toz-alasimi-kullanilarak-sls-ile-uretilen-gecisli-3rnwxkb3hk.pdf

Ti6Al4V toz alaşımı kullanılarak sls ile üretilen geçişli (değişken) gözenekli numunelerin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

1980’li yillarda ortaya cikan eklemeli imalat teknolojileri, ilk olarak prototip uretimi icin kullanildigindan hizli prototipleme olarak isimlendirilmistir. Gunumuzde de son kullanim fonksiyonel parcalarin imalatinda kullanildigindan eklemeli imalat olarak anilmaktadir. Eklemeli imalatta temel mantigi ayni olmakla birlikte birbirinden farkli yaklasimlarla imalat yapan pek cok teknoloji gelistirilmistir. En yaygin eklemeli imalat teknolojileri; steryolitografi (SLA), ergiterek yigma ile modelleme (FDM), uc boyutlu yazici (3DP), secmeli lazer sinterleme (SLS), secmeli lazer ergitme (SLM), elektron isinli ergitme (EBM) gibi yontemlerdir. Eklemeli imalat teknolojilerinin tip, discilik, havacilik ve uzay sanayi, otomotiv, kuyumculuk gibi bircok sektorde kullanimi gittikce yayginlasmaktadir. Son yillarda isminden sikca bahsedilen Endustri 4.0 sanayi devrimi icerisinde de onemli bir yeri olacagi tahmin edilmektedir. Bu anlamda sanayiye nitelikli teknik eleman yetistiren meslek yuksekokullarinda, eklemeli imalat teknolojilerinin egitiminin verilmesi ve kullanilmasi ulkemizin sanayi devrimini gerceklestirmesine katki saglayacagi dusunulmektedir. Calismada eklemeli imalat (uc boyutlu yazdirma) teknolojilerini tanitilmasi ve egitiminde kullanilabilirligi uzerine bir arastirma yapilmistir. Eklemeli imalat teknolojilerinin egitimindeki teknik, saglik ve sosyal bilimler alanlarinda kullanilabilecegi, bunun sonucunda ogrencilerin daha becerili, teknik ve donanimli hale gelerek ulkenin gelecek sanayi strateji hedeflerine ulasmasinda olumlu etkisi olacagi dusunulmektedir

/pdf/eklemeli-imalat-3-boyutlu-baski-teknolojilerinin-egitimde-3cet346613.pdf

Koray Özsoy

Papers

A study on elimination of failures resulting from layering and internal stresses in Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing

Monitoring the osseointegration process in porous Ti6Al4V implants produced by additive manufacturing: an experimental study in sheep:

Ti6Al4V toz alaşımı kullanılarak sls ile üretilen geçişli (değişken) gözenekli numunelerin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Eklemeli̇ i̇malat (3 boyutlu baski) teknoloji̇leri̇ni̇n eği̇ti̇mde kullanilabi̇li̇rli̇ği̇

A mathematical model for the magnetorheological materials and magneto reheological devices