3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

Late-metal catalysts for ethylene homo- and copolymerization.

A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

B. Anionic Ligands 302 IX. Group 9 Catalysts 302 X. Group 10 Catalysts 303 A. Neutral Ligands 303 1. R-Diimine and Related Ligands 303 2. Other Neutral Nitrogen-Based Ligands 304 3. Chelating Phosphorus-Based Ligands 304 B. Monoanionic Ligands 305 1. [PO] Chelates 305 2. [NO] Chelates 306 3. Other Monoanionic Ligands 306 4. Carbon-Based Ligands 306 XI. Group 11 Catalysts 307 XII. Group 12 Catalysts 307 XIII. Group 13 Catalysts 307 XIV. Summary and Outlook 308 XV. Glossary 308 XVI. References 308

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Advances in non-metallocene olefin polymerization catalysis.

This review gives a survey on the latest most representative developments and progress concerning ionic liquids, from their fundamental properties to their applications in catalytic processes. It also highlights their emerging use for biomass treatment and transformation.

Ionic liquids and catalysis: Recent progress from knowledge to applications

Design of vanadium complex catalysts for precise olefin polymerization.

Synthesis of Various Nonbridged Titanium(IV) Cyclopentadienyl−Aryloxy Complexes of the Type CpTi(OAr)X2 and Their Use in the Catalysis of Alkene Polymerization. Important Roles of Substituents on both Aryloxy and Cyclopentadienyl Groups

Recent examples for synthesis of group 4 transition metal (Ti, Zr, Hf) complexes, especially nonbridged half-metallocenes containing anionic donor ligands of the type, Cp′MX 2 (L) (Cp′ = cyclopentadienyl group; M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = halogen, alkyl etc.; L = anionic donor ligands), as catalysts for precise olefin polymerization have been reviewed. It has been revealed that these complex catalysts displayed unique characteristics especially for ethylene copolymerizations and some examples are known to produce new polyolefins that cannot be prepared by ordinary catalysts such as classical Ziegler–Natta, metallocenes. Modification of both cyclopentadienyl fragment and anionic ancillary donor ligands are the key for precise olefin (co)polymerization.

Nonbridged half-metallocenes containing anionic ancillary donor ligands: New promising candidates as catalysts for precise olefin polymerization

Various titanium(IV) complexes of the type Cp‘Ti(OAr)Cl2 (Cp‘ = cyclopentadienyl; OAr = aryloxy) could be prepared in high yields from Cp‘TiCl3. Cp*Ti(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)Me2 (Cp* = C5Me5) could also be prepared from Cp*TiMe3 with 2,6-iPr2C6H3OH in high yield (77%). These complexes showed notable catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization with MAO or AliBu3−Ph3CB(C6F5)4:  Cp*Ti(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)X2 [X = Cl (2b), Me (8b), CF3SO3 (9b)] showed the highest activities among these complexes. The effects of substituents on both cyclopentadienyl (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and aryloxy (2,6-diisopropylphenoxy) groups are important for the remarkable activity. The crystallographic analyses of CpTi(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)Cl2 (1b), Cp*Ti(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)Cl2 (2b), and (1,3-tBu2C5H3)Ti(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)Cl2 (6b) could be performed, and the bond angle of Ti−O−C (phenyl group) for 2b (173.0°) was found to be significantly different from those for other complexes (162.3−163.1°), although no significant differences are observed for ot...

Olefin Polymerization by (Cyclopentadienyl)(aryloxy)titanium(IV) Complexes−Cocatalyst Systems

Precise synthesis of polymers containing functional end groups by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP): Efficient tools for synthesis of block/graft copolymers

Kotohiro Nomura

Papers

Design of vanadium complex catalysts for precise olefin polymerization.

Synthesis of Various Nonbridged Titanium(IV) Cyclopentadienyl−Aryloxy Complexes of the Type CpTi(OAr)X2 and Their Use in the Catalysis of Alkene Polymerization. Important Roles of Substituents on both Aryloxy and Cyclopentadienyl Groups

Nonbridged half-metallocenes containing anionic ancillary donor ligands: New promising candidates as catalysts for precise olefin polymerization

Olefin Polymerization by (Cyclopentadienyl)(aryloxy)titanium(IV) Complexes−Cocatalyst Systems

Precise synthesis of polymers containing functional end groups by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP): Efficient tools for synthesis of block/graft copolymers