European Union has definitely identified the priorities towards sustainable and low-carbon energy systems recognizing a key role to islands that have been described as ideal sites to develop and test innovative strategies and solutions that will then boost the transition on the mainland. Nevertheless, the integration of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (vRES) into the electricity grid are already causing technical problems to island grids thus making grid flexibility a key topic. In the past, since power plants were completely manageable while the load was unpredictable, the grid flexibility was supplied by traditional power plants; but now, due to vRES, the variability and unpredictability has moved to the generation side and the opposite shift has happened to flexibility agents. This paper deals with solutions that improve the ability of the grid to cope with vRES unpredictability such as energy storage technologies and all the solutions offered by sector coupling strategies. Particularly, this research focus on solutions that deals with such solutions in the insular contexts. Several solutions have been presented concluding that battery energy systems and pumped hydro energy storage are the most used technologies in islands. As regard sector coupling and Demand Side Management solutions, all the analysed solutions showed relevant results in terms of i) reduction of excess electricity production and ii) increased grid ability of hosting vRES. Nevertheless, some of the current gaps in literature have been pinpointed and future research challenge and opportunities have been suggested.

A review on energy storage and demand side management solutions in smart energy islands

Integrated supply–demand energy management for optimal design of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems for residential electrification in arid climates

Techno-economic analysis of a grid-connected PV/battery system using the teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm

Smart energy management algorithm for load smoothing and peak shaving based on load forecasting of an island’s power system

Optimal hybrid pumped hydro-battery storage scheme for off-grid renewable energy systems

A hybrid energy management and battery size optimization for standalone microgrids: a case study for Flinders Island, Australia

Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia

This paper investigates the impact of adding tidal energy on the size of battery energy storage (BES) required to absorb power fluctuations present in a standalone microgrid with wind, solar and diesel engine is driven generation sources. The Flinders Island power system is chosen as the standalone microgrid for the case study. In addition to the battery capacity, emissions and operational costs are also taken as the variables that should be minimized in optimization problem formulated in this study. In order to solve this multi-objective optimization problem an intelligent expert fuzzy system - grey wolf optimization (FL-GWO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Different scenarios based on the weather conditions in the Flinders Island is considered to demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed (FL-GWO) method. The numerical results show that when tidal energy is introduced the required battery capacity dropped from 300kWh to 250kWh which is equivalent to 16.67% drop. The effectiveness of the FL-GWO is validated by comparing it with other existing approaches such as the rules-based method and conventional GWO algorithm.

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi

Papers

A hybrid energy management and battery size optimization for standalone microgrids: a case study for Flinders Island, Australia

Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia

Impact of Tidal Energy on Battery Sizing in Standalone Microgrids: A Case Study