http://www.paredox.com/foswiki/pub/Luichart/RedoxTechnicalPapers/Battery_energy_storage_technology_for_power_systemsAn_overview.pdf

Battery Energy Storage Technology for power systems-An overview

Fast acting static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), a representative of FACTS family, is a promising technology being extensively used as the state-of-the-art dynamic shunt compensator for reactive power control in transmission and distribution system. Over the last couple of decades, researchers and engineers have made path-breaking research on this technology and by virtue of which, many STATCOM controllers based on the self-commutating solid-state voltage-source converter (VSC) have been developed and commercially put in operation to control system dynamics under stressed conditions. Because of its many attributes, STATCOM has emerged as a qualitatively superior controller relative to the line commutating static VAR compensator (SVC). This controller is called with different terminologies as STATic COMpensator advanced static VAR compensator, advanced static VAR generator or static VAR generator, STATic CONdenser, synchronous solid-state VAR compensator, VSC-based SVC or self-commutated SVC or static synchronous compensator (SSC or S2C). The development of STATCOM controller employing various solid-state converter topologies, magnetics configurations, control algorithms, switching techniques and so on, has been well reported in literature with its versatile applications in power system. A review on the state-of-the-art STATCOM technology and further research potential are presented classifying more than 300 research publications.

Static synchronous compensators (STATCOM): a review

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art control strategies specifically designed to coordinate distributed energy storage (ES) systems in microgrids. Power networks are undergoing a transition from the traditional model of centralised generation towards a smart decentralised network of renewable sources and ES systems, organised into autonomous microgrids. ES systems can provide a range of services, particularly when distributed throughout the power network. The introduction of distributed ES represents a fundamental change for power networks, increasing the network control problem dimensionality and adding long time-scale dynamics associated with the storage systems’ state of charge levels. Managing microgrids with many small distributed ES systems requires new scalable control strategies that are robust to power network and communication network disturbances. This paper reviews the range of services distributed ES systems can provide, and the control challenges they introduce. The focus of this paper is a presentation of the latest decentralised, centralised and distributed multi-agent control strategies designed to coordinate distributed microgrid ES systems. Finally, multi-agent control with agents satisfying Wooldridge’s definition of intelligence is proposed as a promising direction for future research.

https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/190879836/C_Users_Thomas_Documents_UNSW_PhD_Research_Paper_Review_Control_for_Microgrids_with_Distributed_Energy_Storage_Systems_Draft_Final_160612_Review_MA_MG_ES.dvi.pdf

Control Strategies for Microgrids With Distributed Energy Storage Systems: An Overview

The progression of distributed generation within a bulk power system will lead to the need for greater control of transmission-line power flows. Static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) provide a power-electronics-based means of embedded control of transmission-line voltage and power flows. The integration of energy storage with a STATCOM can extend traditional STATCOM capabilities to four-quadrant power flow control and transient stability improvement. This paper discusses energy storage systems (ESSs) integrated with conventional and multilevel bidirectional power converters for a hybrid STATCOM/ESS. Conventional, diode-clamped, and cascaded multilevel converter-based STATCOM/ESSs are developed, and their performances for a variety of power system applications are compared using battery energy storage. The advantages and disadvantages of each topology are presented. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the conclusions

/pdf/a-comparison-of-diode-clamped-and-cascaded-multilevel-12n8y5l59e.pdf

A Comparison of Diode-Clamped and Cascaded Multilevel Converters for a STATCOM With Energy Storage

A cell voltage equalizer circuit for future plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or renewable energy storage is proposed in this paper. This topology has fewer passive components compared to the conventional topologies found in the literature, and therefore, it could reduce implementation complexity. This circuit is based on a time shared flyback converter, and any number of series connected cells in a string could be used without any apparent issues ensuring good modular architecture. Each cell in a module shares a single converter during its allocated time slot allocated by a low-power microcontroller. In addition, dynamic allocation of time slots is possible to achieve a faster cell balancing, and the circuit dynamically distributes depleted charge among the cells in a regenerative fashion. The operating principles and design procedures of the proposed topology have been presented in the paper. The prototype of a four-cell lithium-ion battery balancer circuit with the proposed topology has been constructed, and the test results have been included.

“Time Shared Flyback Converter” Based Regenerative Cell Balancing Technique for Series Connected Li-Ion Battery Strings

The integration of an energy storage system, such as battery energy storage (BESS), into a FACTS device can provide dynamic decentralized active power capabilities and much-needed flexibility for mitigating transmission level power flow problems. This paper will introduce an integrated static synchronous compensator (StatCom)/BESS for the improvement of dynamic and transient stability and transmission capability, compare the performance of the different FACTS/BESS combinations, and provide experimental verification of the proposed controls on a scaled StatCom/BESS system.

/pdf/integration-of-a-statcom-and-battery-energy-storage-27a1h2chcy.pdf

Integration of a StatCom and Battery Energy Storage

To fully understand the dynamic performance of the multiple flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices, a hardware setup is needed to complement software simulation for university research laboratories. This paper presents the schematic and basic controls of a reconfigurable FACTS system that can be used to realize the major voltage-sourced-converter FACTS topologies: the StatCom, the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), and the unified power-flow controller (UPFC). Furthermore, the state models and control algorithms for the FACTS devices are proposed. The digital signal processor (DSP)-based control system enables new control methods to be rapidly implemented. The comparison of the experimental and simulation results is also provided to verify the proposed controls. The paper culminates in a list of suggested experiments appropriate for an elective/graduate course in electric power systems.

/pdf/a-reconfigurable-facts-system-for-university-laboratories-4d8byrwjio.pdf

A reconfigurable FACTS system for university laboratories

Summary form only given as follows. The integration of an energy storage system, such as battery energy storage (BESS), into a FACTS device can provide dynamic decentralized active power capabilities and much needed flexibility for mitigating transmission level power flow problems. This paper introduces an integrated StatCom/BESS for the improvement of dynamic and transient stability and transmission capability; compare the performance of the different FACTS/BESS combinations, and provide experimental verification of the proposed controls on a scaled StatCom/BESS system.

L. Zhang

Papers

Integration of a StatCom and Battery Energy Storage

A reconfigurable FACTS system for university laboratories

Integration of a StatCom and battery energy storage