■ Abstract The recent proliferation of scholarship on collective action frames and framing processes in relation to social movements indicates that framing processes have come to be regarded, alongside resource mobilization and political opportunity processes, as a central dynamic in understanding the character and course of social movements. This review examines the analytic utility of the framing literature for un- derstanding social movement dynamics. We first review how collective action frames have been conceptualized, including their characteristic and variable features. We then examine the literature related to framing dynamics and processes. Next we review the literature regarding various contextual factors that constrain and facilitate framing processes. We conclude with an elaboration of the consequences of framing processes for other movement processes and outcomes. We seek throughout to provide clarifi- cation of the linkages between framing concepts/processes and other conceptual and theoretical formulations relevant to social movements, such as schemas and ideology.

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Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment

Among the many traditions of research on "identity," two somewhat different yet strongly related strands of identity theory have developed. The first, reflected in the work of Stryker and colleagues, focuses on the linkages of social structures with identities. The second, reflected in the work of Burke and colleagues, focuses on the internal process of self-verification. In the present paper we review each of these strands and then discuss ways in which the two relate to and complement one another Each provides a context for the other: the relation of social structures to identities influences the process of self-verification, while the process of self-verification creates and sustains social structures. The paper concludes with examples of potentially useful applications of identity theory to other arenas of social psychology, and with a discussion of challenges that identity theory must meet to provide a clear understanding of the relation between self and society. The language of "identity" is ubiquitous in contemporary social science, cutting across psychoanalysis, psychology, political science, sociology, and history. The common usage of the term identity, however, belies the considerable variability in both its conceptual meanings and its theoretical role. Even when consideration is restricted to sociology and social psychology, variation is still considerable.'

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The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory*

The End of History and the Last Man

Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy

By Pierre Bourdieu (London: Routledge, 2010), xxx + 607 pp. £15.99 paper. A combination of social theory, statistical data, illustrations, and interviews, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judg...

Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste

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A moral theory of solidarity

Les inégalités sociales de santé en France et en Grande-Bretagne - Analyse et étude comparative (Book).

Nationalism poses several analytical problems for sociology, since it stands at the intersection of familiar binary conceptual contrasts. It further has the capacity to appear alternatively democratic and violent. This paper examines the conditions for violent nationalism, with particular reference to the Kosovo conflict. It argues that the conditions for potentially genocidal nationalism lie in the apparently routine rituals through which 'nations' are remembered and constructed. Violent nationalism may appear where the transmission of collective identities is infused with mourning and traumatic memory. However, the presence of such forms of memory is not sufficient in themselves to provoke violent nationalism. These are unleashed in the context of state crisis where former loyalties are replaced with highly affective commitment to rectification of imagined historical wrongs.

Memory, Trauma and Genocidal Nationalism

It is obvious that LHAT has gained great influence in a short space of time. President Momoh himself has said 'LIAT have come to stay, and they are going to stay'. PANAFU members who have publicised and criticised LHAT's activities in Sierra Leone have been detained by the Government. At the moment it seems lhkely that projects like FOREX and the bridge from Lungi Airport to Freetown will go ahead. However, it would be wrong to assume that LHAT are in complete control of the government. At the moment government is preparing a Green Revolution Programme for the agricultural sector, which involves the import of 200 tractors. It has been reported that Minister Kargbo recently visited Saudi Arabia to discuss the import of tractors and yet various sources in the Ministry of Agriculture say that there have been negotiations with LIAT. This suggests that the government is bargaining with both sides (i.e. the Arabs/Palestinians on the one hand and the Israelis/South Africans on the other hand) in order to see which will provide the best deal. It remains to be seen which side will win an alliance with Sierra Leone in the fmal analysis.

The Kenya state, agribusiness and the peasantry

The purpose of this paper is to address some contemporary issues in the debate about rural social transformation: the so called ‘peasantry debate’. In order to clarifty these issues, we discuss material collected in Kenya on tobacco contract farming. Our intention is to integrate theoretical and substantive analyses of the current Kenyan situation. Tobacco farming is, we argue, a particularly clear instance of a form of subsumption of petty commodity production to capital. Although British-American Tobacco concentrates all the moments of capital–productive, circulating, and merchant –within a unified organisational framework, it enters the local growersapos; economy in the form of merchant capital. Combined with the active support of the Kenyan state, this has the effect of shoring up the household productive form. However, it does not (as some would argue) create a class of rural accumulators. Household production is sustained only at subsistence level. Contract farming is not, in our view, an ‘agent of ...

Larry Ray

Papers

A moral theory of solidarity

Les inégalités sociales de santé en France et en Grande-Bretagne - Analyse et étude comparative (Book).

Memory, Trauma and Genocidal Nationalism

The Kenya state, agribusiness and the peasantry

On the Class Location of Contract Farmers in the Kenyan Economy