■ Abstract The recent proliferation of scholarship on collective action frames and framing processes in relation to social movements indicates that framing processes have come to be regarded, alongside resource mobilization and political opportunity processes, as a central dynamic in understanding the character and course of social movements. This review examines the analytic utility of the framing literature for un- derstanding social movement dynamics. We first review how collective action frames have been conceptualized, including their characteristic and variable features. We then examine the literature related to framing dynamics and processes. Next we review the literature regarding various contextual factors that constrain and facilitate framing processes. We conclude with an elaboration of the consequences of framing processes for other movement processes and outcomes. We seek throughout to provide clarifi- cation of the linkages between framing concepts/processes and other conceptual and theoretical formulations relevant to social movements, such as schemas and ideology.

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Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment

Among the many traditions of research on "identity," two somewhat different yet strongly related strands of identity theory have developed. The first, reflected in the work of Stryker and colleagues, focuses on the linkages of social structures with identities. The second, reflected in the work of Burke and colleagues, focuses on the internal process of self-verification. In the present paper we review each of these strands and then discuss ways in which the two relate to and complement one another Each provides a context for the other: the relation of social structures to identities influences the process of self-verification, while the process of self-verification creates and sustains social structures. The paper concludes with examples of potentially useful applications of identity theory to other arenas of social psychology, and with a discussion of challenges that identity theory must meet to provide a clear understanding of the relation between self and society. The language of "identity" is ubiquitous in contemporary social science, cutting across psychoanalysis, psychology, political science, sociology, and history. The common usage of the term identity, however, belies the considerable variability in both its conceptual meanings and its theoretical role. Even when consideration is restricted to sociology and social psychology, variation is still considerable.'

http://kulturiskvlevebi.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/3/7/18376403/burke_pastpresent...of_identity_theory.pdf

The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory*

The End of History and the Last Man

Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy

By Pierre Bourdieu (London: Routledge, 2010), xxx + 607 pp. £15.99 paper. A combination of social theory, statistical data, illustrations, and interviews, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judg...

Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste

From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society: New Theories of the Contemporary World

This special issue brings together reflections on the thirtieth anniversary of the revolutions of 1989 and considers their consequences for our understandings of European and global society. What s...

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‘Down with communism – Power to the people’: The legacies of 1989 and beyond:

Racist violence from a probation service perspective: now you see it, you don't.

The neurosciences challenge the ‘standard social science’ model of human behaviour particularly with reference to violence. Although explanations of violence are interdisciplinary it remains controversial to work across the division between the social and biological sciences. Neuroscience can be subject to familiar sociological critiques of scientism and reductionism but this paper considers whether this view should be reassessed. Concepts of brain plasticity and epigenetics could prompt reconsideration of the dichotomy of the social and natural while raising questions about the intersections of materiality, embodiment and social action. Although violence is intimately bound up with the body, sociologies of both violence and the body remain on the surface and rarely go under the skin or skulls of violent actors. This article argues for a non-reductionist realist explanation of violent behaviour that is also interdisciplinary and offers the potential to generate nuanced understandings of violent processes. It concludes that sociology should engage critically and creatively with the neuroscience of violence.

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Explaining Violence ‐ Towards a Critical Friendship with Neuroscience?

Theory* of Adorno and Horkheimer and the work of Michel Foucault in relation to the &dquo;crisis of Marxism&dquo; which during the 1980s entered the center stage of disputes about social theory in the English-speaking world. This occurred after a gradually growing interest in Critical Theory (in both its older and Habermasian variants) from the 1970s. The upshot of these diverse themes has been a merging of debates about postmodernism, Critical Theory and Foucaultism, exemplified by Peter Dews’s recent work; discussions in Theory Culture and Society, Telos, New German Critique, Praxis International, etc.; and of course by Habermas’s own critique of Foucault and the postmoderns in Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne (Chs. 9 and 10) and elsewhere (e.g., Habermas 1981 ).

Larry Ray

Papers

From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society: New Theories of the Contemporary World

‘Down with communism – Power to the people’: The legacies of 1989 and beyond:

Racist violence from a probation service perspective: now you see it, you don't.

Explaining Violence ‐ Towards a Critical Friendship with Neuroscience?

foucault, critical theory and the decomposition of the historical subject: