다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases in recent decades has posed a serious threat to public health. Routes of transmission differ, but the respiratory droplet or airborne route has the greatest potential to disrupt social intercourse, while being amenable to prevention by the humble face mask. Different types of masks give different levels of protection to the user. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has even resulted in a global shortage of face masks and the raw materials that go into them, driving individuals to self-produce masks from household items. At the same time, research has been accelerated towards improving the quality and performance of face masks, e.g., by introducing properties such as antimicrobial activity and superhydrophobicity. This review will cover mask-wearing from the public health perspective, the technical details of commercial and home-made masks, and recent advances in mask engineering, disinfection, and materials and discuss the sustainability of mask-wearing and mask production into the future.

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Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing, and Perspectives.

D. Lv, M. Zhu, Z. Jiang, Prof. C. Huang College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037, P. R. China E-mail: huangchaobo@njfu.edu.cn Prof. R. Xiong Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics Ghent University 460 9000 Belgium

Green Electrospun Nanofibers and Their Application in Air Filtration

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, hospitals have been at risk of running out of the safe and effective PPE including personal protective clothing needed to treat patients with COVID-19, due to unprecedented global demand. In addition, there are only limited manufacturing facilities of such clothing available worldwide, due to a lack of available knowledge about relevant technologies, ineffective supply chains, and stringent regulatory requirements. Therefore, there remains a clear unmet need for coordinating the actions and efforts from scientists, engineers, manufacturers, suppliers, and regulatory bodies to develop and produce safe and effective protective clothing using the technologies that are locally available around the world. In this review, we discuss currently used PPE, their quality, and the associated regulatory standards. We survey the current state-of-the-art antimicrobial functional finishes on fabrics to protect the wearer against viruses and bacteria and provide an overview of protective medical fabric manufacturing techniques, their supply chains, and the environmental impacts of current single-use synthetic fiber-based protective clothing. Finally, we discuss future research directions, which include increasing efficiency, safety, and availability of personal protective clothing worldwide without conferring environmental problems.

Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review.

Air filtration materials (AFMs) have gradually become a research hotspot on account of the increasing attention paid to the global air quality problem. However, most AFMs cannot balance the contrad...

Multistructured Electrospun Nanofibers for Air Filtration: A Review.

Porous materials for sound absorption

The emerging solar desalination technology is considered as one of the most promising strategies to ensure water security. However, with the proceeding of solar desalination, salt crystallization on the surface of solar evaporators caused by increasing salinity of seawater will result in a decrease in the evaporation rate. Thus, it is still challenging to fabricate solar evaporators with superior salt resistance. In this work, elastic ceramic-based nanofibrous aerogels with a cellular architecture are fabricated by the combination of electrospinning and fiber freeze-shaping technologies, which are composed of vertically aligned vessels and porous vessel walls. Under the action of convection and diffusion promoted by this unique cellular architecture, the aerogels exhibit a superior salt-resistance without any salt crystals on the surface of aerogels even in 20% brine and under 6-sun irradiation. Moreover, by virtue of the synergistic effect of the promising structure and light absorbance of carbon nanotubes, aerogels possess a high light absorbance of up to 98% and excellent evaporation performance achieving 1.50 kg m-2 h-1 under 1-sun irradiation. This work may provide a fascinating avenue for the desalination of seawater in a salt-resistance and efficient manner.

Cellular Structured CNTs@SiO2 Nanofibrous Aerogels with Vertically Aligned Vessels for Salt-Resistant Solar Desalination.

Rational structural design involving controlled pore size, high porosity, and particle-targeted function is critical to the realization of highly efficient air filters, and the filter with absolute particle-screen ability has significant technological implications for applications including individual protection, industrial security, and environmental governance; however, it remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, we first report a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate the highly integrated polysulfone/polyacrylonitrile/polyamide-6 (PSU/PAN/PA-6) air filter for multilevel physical sieving airborne particles via sequential electrospinning. Our strategy causes the PSU microfiber (diameter of ∼1 μm) layer, PAN nanofiber (diameter of ∼200 nm) layer, and PA-6 nanonets (diameter of ∼20 nm) layer to orderly assemble into the integrated filter with gradually varied pore structures and high porosity and thus enables the filter to work efficiently by employing different layers to cut off penetration of particles with a certain size that exceeds the designed threshold level. By virtue of its elaborate gradient structure, robust hydrophobicity (WCA of ∼130°), and superior mechanical property (5.6 MPa), our PSU/PAN/PA-6 filter even can filtrate the 300 nm particles with a high removal efficiency of 99.992% and a low pressure drop of 118 Pa in the way of physical sieving manner, which completely gets rid of the negative impact from high airflow speed, electret failure, and high humidity. It is expected that our highly integrated filter has wider applications for filtration and separation and design of 3D functional structure in the future.

Highly Integrated Polysulfone/Polyacrylonitrile/Polyamide-6 Air Filter for Multilevel Physical Sieving Airborne Particles

Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Biomimetic Structure Enables Superelastic and Thermostable Nanofibrous Aerogels for Cascade Filtration of PM2.5

Low-density 3D ultrafine fiber assemblies obtained from direct electrospinning enable promising applications in sound absorption fields but are often hindered by their poor structure stability. Here, we demonstrate an electrospun ultrafine fiber sponge with a microstructure-derived reversible elasticity and high sound absorption property, which is achieved by designing a hierarchical lamellar corrugated architecture that functioned as elastic units. The obtained electrospun fiber sponge can quickly recover to the original height even under the distortion from burdens 8900 times its weight. Particularly, the material can maintain its structural stability after 100 cycles at 60% strain. Moreover, the initial hierarchical structure and hydrophobicity of the prepared materials endow them with an ultralight property (density of 6.63 mg cm-3), superior low-frequency sound absorption, and excellent performance maintenance. The successful synthesis of these fascinating materials may provide new insights into the design of lightweight and efficient sound absorption materials.

Leitao Cao

Papers

Porous materials for sound absorption

Cellular Structured CNTs@SiO2 Nanofibrous Aerogels with Vertically Aligned Vessels for Salt-Resistant Solar Desalination.

Highly Integrated Polysulfone/Polyacrylonitrile/Polyamide-6 Air Filter for Multilevel Physical Sieving Airborne Particles

Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Biomimetic Structure Enables Superelastic and Thermostable Nanofibrous Aerogels for Cascade Filtration of PM2.5

Ultralight and Resilient Electrospun Fiber Sponge with a Lamellar Corrugated Microstructure for Effective Low-Frequency Sound Absorption.