Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients.

http://www.medicinabiomolecular.com.br/biblioteca/pdfs/Cancer/ca-3168.pdf

Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis

The increasing utilization of heavy metals in modern industries leads to an increase in the environmental burden. Nickel represents a good example of a metal whose use is widening in modern technologies. As the result of accelerated consumption of nickel-containing products nickel compounds are released to the environment at all stages of production and utilization. Their accumulation in the environment may represent a serious hazard to human health. Among the known health related effects of nickel are skin allergies, lung fibrosis, variable degrees of kidney and cardiovascular system poisoning and stimulation of neoplastic transformation. The mechanism of the latter effect is not known and is the subject of detailed investigation. This review provides an analysis of the current state in the field.

Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity.

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Mice provide an experimental model of unparalleled flexibility for studying mammalian diseases. Inbred strains of mice exhibit substantial differences in their susceptibility to the renal complications of diabetes. Much remains to be established regarding the course of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice as well as defining those strains and/or mutants that are most susceptible to renal injury from diabetes. Through the use of the unique genetic reagents available in mice (including knockouts and transgenics), the validation of a mouse model reproducing human DN should significantly facilitate the understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of DN. Establishment of an authentic mouse model of DN will undoubtedly facilitate testing of translational diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in mice before testing in humans.

/pdf/mouse-models-of-diabetic-nephropathy-28r1e97vgi.pdf

Mouse Models of Diabetic Nephropathy

Part I. Basic Concepts, Consumption, Deficiency, and Toxicity. The Essential Trace Elements and Minerals: Basic Concepts, John D. Bogden. Possibly Essential Trace Elements, Forrest H. Nielsen. Consumption of Trace Elements and Minerals by Preagricultural Humans, Stanley B. Eaton III and S. Boyd Eaton. Current Dietary Intakes of Trace Elements and Minerals, Jean A. T. Pennington. Laboratory Assessment of Trace Element and Mineral Status, David B. Milne. The Epidemiology of Trace Element Deficiencies, Roberto Masironi. Trace Element and Supplement Safety, John N. Hathcock. Part II. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Healthy People. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Human Pregnancy, Theresa O. Scholl and Thomas M. Reilly. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition During Lactation, Mary Frances Picciano. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Adolescents, Velimir Matkovic, Nancy E. Badenhop, Jasminka Z. Ilich. Trace Element Requirements in the Elderly, Ronni Chernoff. Part III. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Disease. Genetic Disorders of Trace Element Metabolism, Gregory J. Anderson and Gordon D. McLaren. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Endocrine Diseases, John T. Dunn. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Skeletal Health and Disease, Robert P. Heaney. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Ischemic Heart Disease, Leslie M. Klevay. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Renal Disease, Saulo Klahr. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease, Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo, Cinzia Mestriner, and Renata D'Inca. Immune Dysfunction in Iron, Copper, and Zinc Deficiencies, Adria R. Sherman. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in HIV Infection and AIDS: Implications for Host Defense, Susanna Cunningham-Rundles. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Hospital, Surgical and Cancer Patients: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, M. A. Mohit-Tabatabai. Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Diseases of the Eye, George Edwin Bunce. Appendix: Journalsand Current Books. Index.

Clinical nutrition of the essential trace elements and minerals : the guide for health professionals

Objective: Diets rich in whole and unrefined foods, like whole grains, dark green and yellow/orangefleshed vegetables and fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, contain high concentrations of antioxidant phenolics, fibers and numerous other phytochemicals that may be protective against chronic diseases. This study compared the effects of a phytochemical-rich diet versus a refined-food diet on lipoproteins, antioxidant defenses and colon function. Methods: Twelve hyperlipidemic women followed two diets for four weeks starting with a refined-food diet. Subjects then directly crossed over to the phytochemical-rich diet. Duplicate, fasting serum lipids and single, fasting antioxidant enzymes were measured at the end of the four-week refined-food diet period (baseline) and again at the end of the phytochemical-rich diet period. Results: Total energy and total fat intake were similar during both diet periods, but there was a decrease in saturated fat (SFA) of 61% in the phytochemical-rich diet group. Dietary fiber, vitamin E, vitamin C and carotene intakes were 160%, 145%, 160% and 500% more, respectively, than during the refined-food diet period. The phytochemical-rich diet induced a drop of 13% in total cholesterol (TC) (p , 0.05) and 16% (p , 0.001) in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase decreased 69% (p , 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase dropped 35% (p , 0.01). Colon function was improved on the phytochemicalrich diet. Conclusions: A diet abundant in phytochemically-rich foods beneficially affected lipoproteins, decreased need for oxidative defense mechanisms and improved colon function.

Leslie M. Klevay

Papers

Clinical nutrition of the essential trace elements and minerals : the guide for health professionals

A diet high in whole and unrefined foods favorably alters lipids, antioxidant defenses, and colon function.

Determination of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for copper in water.

Maximal oxygen consumption as related to magnesium, copper, and zinc nutriture

Influence of dietary fiber on trace element balance