抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications

▪ Abstract This review covers selected literature from 1982 to the present on some of the ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of hydrocarbon use by insects and other arthropods. Major ecological and behavioral topics are species- and gender-recognition, nestmate recognition, task-specific cues, dominance and fertility cues, chemical mimicry, and primer pheromones. Major biochemical topics include chain length regulation, mechanism of hydrocarbon formation, timing of hydrocarbon synthesis and transport, and biosynthesis of volatile hydrocarbon pheromones of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In addition, a section is devoted to future research needs in this rapidly growing area of science.

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Ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of insect hydrocarbons*

Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the...

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

The cuticular hydrocarbon components of four castes ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) have been identified and quantitated. Components identified includen-alkanes; 2-, 3-, 11-, 13-, and 15-methyl-alkanes; 11,15-dimethylalkanes, (Z)-9-alkenes; (Z,Z)-7,9-dienes; and (E/Z)-6,9-dienes ranging in carbon number from C21 to C40. All caste forms ofR.virginicus contained the same components, but showed caste-specific proportions. Comparison of these hydrocarbons with those of the sympatric termiteR. flavipes (Kollar) suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons might serve as species- and caste-recognition cues. A bioassay was developed to test this species-recognition hypothesis, with the experimental results supporting the hypothesis.

Cuticular hydrocarbons ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and their role as potential species- and caste-recognition cues.

1H NMR investigation of thermally triggered insulin release from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels.

A triangular [Ag2H]+ core is stabilised by the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene (SIDipp). The X-ray crystal structure of this complex reveals a short silver–silver distance, and 109Ag NMR spectroscopy shows substantial coupling between the silver nuclei. The complex persists for hours in solution after exposure to air and moisture. When carbon dioxide is added in the form of a Lewis-basic NHC adduct, a rapid reaction results in hydride transfer to form a bis(NHC)silver(I) formate.

/pdf/a-dinuclear-silver-hydride-and-an-umpolung-reaction-of-co2-23jyvxtt04.pdf

A dinuclear silver hydride and an umpolung reaction of CO2

Capturing CO2 from flue gas streams under near ambient conditions—e.g. coal-fired power plants—has traditionally involved the use of aqueous alkanol amine solutions. Aqueous solvent-based processes are energy intensive, as solvent regeneration can be costly. With growing concern over climate change, alternative CO2 capture technologies that are energy and cost efficient are required. We have established that nonaqueous silylamines can be used to efficiently and reversibly capture and release CO2 via the formation of reversible ionic liquids. We now report their unique, enhanced CO2 uptake at room temperature under 1 atm of CO2, as silylamines exhibit CO2 capture capacities greater than that expected from the conventional stoichiometry of a 2:1 amine to CO2 mole ratio. Experimental evidence is presented supporting the formation of a carbamic acid species in equilibrium with an ionic liquid network of ammonium–carbamate ion pairs to give a 3:2 amine to CO2 mole ratio. This is the first report of the stabili...

Leslie T. Gelbaum

Papers

Cuticular hydrocarbons ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and their role as potential species- and caste-recognition cues.

1H NMR investigation of thermally triggered insulin release from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels.

A dinuclear silver hydride and an umpolung reaction of CO2

Reversible Ionic Liquid Stabilized Carbamic Acids: A Pathway Toward Enhanced CO2 Capture

Cascade synthesis of benzofuran derivatives via laccase oxidation–Michael addition