Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology represents an emerging and very promising candidate for the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre-wave region. SIW structures are generally fabricated by using two rows of conducting cylinders or slots embedded in a dielectric substrate that connects two parallel metal plates, and permit the implementation of classical rectangular waveguide components in planar form, along with printed circuitry, active devices and antennas. This study aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components.

Review of substrate-integrated waveguide circuits and antennas

A new method of analysis is presented in this paper for the determination of complex propagation constants in substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) This method makes use of the concept of surface impedance to model the rows of conducting cylinders, and the proposed model is then solved by combining a method of moments and a transverse resonance procedure The proposed method is further applied to extract results in terms of parametric curves and graphs which demonstrate fundamental and interesting wave guidance and leakage properties of this type of periodic waveguide Useful design rules are extracted from this analysis, suggesting that appropriate design parameters and regions should be carefully selected for practical applications In addition, comprehensive review and comparisons with published results are also presented to show the performance and accuracy of the proposed modeling technique Practical measurements of fabricated samples with different levels of loss have confirmed the accuracy of this new method and validity of design rules

Accurate modeling, wave mechanisms, and design considerations of a substrate integrated waveguide

A novel slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna is proposed. This antenna works in the TE10 mode of the SIW. Leakage is obtained by introducing a periodic set of transverse slots on the top of the SIW, which interrupt the current flow on the top wall. It is seen that three modes (a leaky mode, a proper waveguide mode, and a surface-wave-like mode) can all propagate on this structure. The wavenumbers of the modes are calculated theoretically and are numerically evaluated by HFSS simulation. The leakage loss, dielectric loss, and conductor loss are also analyzed. A uniform slotted SIW leaky-wave antenna is designed that has good beam scanning from near broadside (though not exactly at broadside) to forward endfire. This type of SIW leaky-wave antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth and a narrow beam that scans with frequency. Measured results are consistent with the simulation and the theoretical analysis.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Leaky-Wave Antenna With Transverse Slots

A novel design method of low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described in this paper. The whole antenna including backed cavity and feeding element is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide. An example with 1.7% bandwidth has been presented, which has 5.4 dBi gain, 16.1 dB front-to-back ratio and -19 dB maximum cross polarized radiation level with its total thickness less than lambda0/50. The proposed antenna keeps good radiation performance of conventional cavity backed antenna and has advantages of conventional planar antenna including low profile, light weight, easy fabrication with low cost and convenient integration with planar circuit.

Planar Slot Antenna Backed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity

In this paper, a new guided wave structure of half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) for microwave and millimeter wave application is proposed for the first time. The principle of the HMSIW is described, and its propagation characteristics are simulated and measured. The measured results at microwave and millimeter wave bands show that the attenuation of it is less than that of conventional microstrip and even SIW, but its size is nearly half of a SIW. Thus, we can further compress the size of a microwave or millimeter wave integrated circuit based on this new guided wave structure.

Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide: A New Guided Wave Structure for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Application

By etching longitudinal slots on the top metallic surface of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), an integrated slot-array antenna is proposed in this letter. The whole antenna and feeding system are fabricated on a single substrate, which takes the advantage of small size, low profile, and low cost, etc. The design process and experimental results of a four-by-four SIW slot array antenna at X-band are presented.

Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antennas

A rigorous full-wave approach based on the method of lines (MoL) is presented to analyse the propagation characteristics of substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs), in which a generalised matrix eigenvalue equation is derived instead of the conventional transcend equation, greatly improving the computing efficiency. The use of an efficient Z-transform absorbing boundary condition (Z-ABC) further improved the accuracy of the calculated propagation constants. Finally, two empirical equations are proposed for the propagation constants of SIWs, which gives a simple but efficient tool in designing substrate integrated waveguide components.

Investigations on the propagation characteristics of the substrate integrated waveguide based on the method of lines

The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new type of guided wave structure fabricated with periodic metallic via holes in a multilayered LTCC substrate. The SIW takes the advantages of both waveguide and microstrip structures, like the high-Q factor, high power capacity, small size, and the possibility of integration. In this paper, the propagation characteristics of the SIW are investigated, based on a finite difference method by using appropriate absorbing boundary conditions. A special treatment has been made in the interaction of the incident wave with the SIW structure. Simulated results are given to test the validity and efficiency of the proposed method, from which very interesting phenomena have been found in the SIW.

Propagation characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide based on LTCC

An integrated monopulse antenna is proposed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna together with a microstrip hybrid-ring coupler and power dividers. The whole antenna and feeding system are fabricated on a single substrate, which gives the advantage of small size, low profile, low cost, etc. The design process and experimental results of a four-by-eight substrate integrated monopulse antenna at X-band are presented.

Simulation and experiment on substrate integrated monopulse antenna

This invention discloses a dielectric substrate integrated single pulse antenna including a dielectric substrate board set with metallic foils at the positive and negative sides, a slit array, a microstrip power divider and a combiner are etched on one side of the foil, the slit array unit is connected with one end of the microstrip power divider, the other end of which is connected with the combiner, interconnected metallized through holes are set on the substrate board and the foil arrayed in U shape enclosing the slit array.

Li Yan

Papers

Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antennas

Investigations on the propagation characteristics of the substrate integrated waveguide based on the method of lines

Propagation characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide based on LTCC

Simulation and experiment on substrate integrated monopulse antenna

Dielectric substrate integrated single pulse antenna