The Statistics of Canada

The Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White.

Population and Development Review — Vietnamese casualties during.the American war

As a result of China's growing participation and importance in the process of internationalization and globalization a continuously rising number of Chinese students has gone abroad for further study. By the end of the last decade the number of Chinese students abroad made up the largest group of international students in the USA (surpassing those from India) and during the next decade this group will become the world's largest floating student population. Because of its size and the growing recognition of China and Chinese culture around the world, research on a wide range of problem areas among Chinese students abroad has been initiated, especially in Australia, Great Britain, New Zealand, the USA and Hong Kong. This article looks at the variety of research issues and attempts to provide a first overview in the light of international and comparative research on international students, their mobility and their recognition by host countries as well as their influence as cultural 'irritators'.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/rcie.2012.7.1.90

Current Research on Chinese Students Studying Abroad

International students’ post-graduation migration plans and the search for home

There is a growing policy concern in Canada regarding the facilitation of foreign students’ transition from temporary residents to permanent residents. Interestingly, academic attention to the issue is somewhat lacking. By focusing on the Chinese undergraduate student at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, this study attempts to identify the factors which influence their migration intentions. The findings confirm the important effects of students’ demographic characteristics, premove traits, Canadian experiences, parental expectations, as well as related aspiration factors. In addition, we find that female and male students are different from each other in terms of the factors that determine their intentions to stay in Canada. In light of the findings, we suggest that, in spite of gender differences, social and emotional adaptations are as critical as economic adaptation in facilitating temporary residents’ intentions to stay. Furthermore, we contend that changes in immigration policy to attract foreign students to stay do motivate their immigration intention to some extent, but we also recommend that extended research needs to be done to examine the effects of most recent policy changes on foreign students’ intended or actual migration.

To Stay or Return: Migration Intentions of Students from People’s Republic of China in Saskatchewan, Canada

China's educational reform from the late 1990s, has substantially increased university capacity. This has been most evident in undergraduate enrolments. As an increasingly large cohort of university graduates enters the job market yearly, the demand for university graduates has not caught up with supply. Some university students plan to pursue postgraduate studies in order to delay their entry into the competition for jobs and to improve their educational credentials. This paper reports on findings from a survey of university students in Xi'an, China, identifying the types of students who aspire to postgraduate education. The findings confirm the importance of three sets of factors: (1) parents' education and financial capacity; (2) university attended; and (3) academic performance. The paper argues that educational policy change in China has resulted in students having to pay tuition fees and having responsibility for finding jobs, thus creating conditions conducive to students with better family and fin...

Postgraduate Educational Aspirations and Policy Implications: A case study of university students in western China

Traditional approach to the issue of “brain drain” and “brain gain” focuses on outflow and inflow of migration of academics and professionals between countries of origins and destinations. It is su...

Reconceptualization of “Brain Drain”: The Transnational Mobility of Talent in Canada and China

Historically, both market conditions and ethnic resources explain why the Chinese in Canada thrived in retailing and food services. More recent theories stress how changes in opportunities and relations under globalization shape immigrant business formation and practices. Canada revamped its immigration policy in response to the need for capital and skilled labour in the global age. Increased Chinese immigration in the 1980s from Hong Kong, and in the 1990s and after from PRC, substantially expanded the Vancouver Chinese population and the Chinese consumer market. By the 1980s, Chinese small businesses in Vancouver had proliferated beyond Chinatown-based retailing and food services to include professional firms and upscale restaurants. Using advertisements in The Sing Tao Daily, this study found that a new niche of small Chinese businesses in trades and construction has emerged, accounting for 85 percent of advertising in the Small Business Advertisement Section, and 15 percent of all advertisements in the Daily. The analysis suggests that the development of this new niche has been prompted by economic opportunities that are best seen as driven by demographic and market forces in the age of global migration.
	 Resume: Historiquement, les conditions du marche et les ressources ethniques expliquent conjointement pourquoi les Chinois au Canada ont prospere dans les services de vente au detail et des produits alimentaires. Les theories les plus recentes demontrent comment, sous le modele de la mondialisation, ces changements ont influence les opportunites de la formation des immigrants et des pratiques commerciales. Le Canada a remanie sa politique d’immigration pour l’adapter au besoin du capital et des competences professionnelles a l’ere mondiale. L’accroissement de l’immigration chinoise dans les annees 80 en provenance de Hong Kong et dans les annees 90, ainsi qu’apres la RPC, a considerablement augmente la population chinoise de Vancouver et le taux de consommateurs chinois sur le marche. Vers les annees 1980, les petites entreprises chinoises ont prolifere au-dela de la vente au detail et des produits alimentaires au niveau Chinatown, pour s’etendre aux entreprises professionnelles et restaurants haut de gamme. Se servant du record des publicites dans The Sing Tao Daily, cette etude a revele qu’un nouveau creneau des entreprises chinoises dans les metiers et la construction a vu le jour ; ce qui represente 85 pourcent de l’espace public-itaire dans la section « Petites entreprises chinoises » de ce quotidien ; alors que 15 pourcent sont reserves a toutes les autres publicites. La presente analyse suggere que le developpement de ce nouveau creneau a ete incite par les opportunites economiques qui sont les mieux consideres comme entraine par les forces demographiques et du marche a l’ere de la migration mondiale.

Profile of Small Businesses Among Chinese in Vancouver

Past research on China’s migrant workers—those officially registered in agricultural households but work in the city—has shown that China’s hukou system, or registration system, restricts them from obtaining city household registration, without which access to social security is limited. Little research has been done on the integration of migrant workers of minority origin. Based on a 2011 survey of 1,090 minority migrant workers in Lanzhou, a northwestern city of China, this paper examines two aspects of integration: an objective one that measures access to social security benefits, and a subjective one that gauges the belief of inequity in employment opportunity. The paper argues that integration of minority migrant workers in China involves being treated equally in basic benefits as urbanites, and such treatment affects their sense of fairness in the labour market. The findings suggest that integration of minority migrant workers involves not only cultural or economic factors, but also issues of entitlement and sense of inequality. Abstract: La recherche sur les travailleurs migrants chinois - ceux qui ont ete officiellement inscrits dans des familles d’agriculteurs, mais qui travaillaient en ville - a montre que le systeme chinois hukou , ou systeme d’enregistrement, limitait leur capacite a obtenir l’immatriculation dans des familles urbaines, indispensable pour avoir acces a la securite sociale. Il y a eu peu de recherche sur l’integration de travailleurs migrants d’origine minoritaire. A partir de l’enquete de 2011 sur 1.090 d’entre eux a Lanshou, une ville du Nord de la Chine, cet article porte sur deux aspects de leur integration : l’un, objectif, mesure leur acces aux benefices de la securite sociale, l’autre, subjectif, evalue a quel point ils voient de l’iniquite dans leurs perspectives d’emploi. Nous defendons ici le fait que l’integration de travailleurs migrants appartenant a des minorites chinoises comprend le fait d’etre traite comme les autres sur la base de benefices en tant qu’urbains, et que ceci affecte leur sens d’equite dans le marche du travail. Nos conclusions donnent a penser que l’integration de ces travailleurs ne se resume pas a des facteurs culturels et economiques, mais comprend aussi des questions sur les droits et un sens de l’inegalite.

Li Zong

Papers

To Stay or Return: Migration Intentions of Students from People’s Republic of China in Saskatchewan, Canada

Postgraduate Educational Aspirations and Policy Implications: A case study of university students in western China

Reconceptualization of “Brain Drain”: The Transnational Mobility of Talent in Canada and China

Profile of Small Businesses Among Chinese in Vancouver

Integration of Minority Migrant Workers in Lanzhou, China