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Biofloc Technology A Practical Guide Book

Holothuria scabra is one of the most intensively studied holothuroids, or sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), having been discussed in the literature since the early 19th century. The species is important for several reasons: (1) it is widely distributed and historically abundant in several shallow soft-bottom habitats throughout the Indo-Pacific, (2) it has a high commercial value on the Asian markets, where it is mainly sold as a dried product (beche-de-mer) and (3) it is the only tropical holothuroid species that can currently be mass-produced in hatcheries. Over 20 years have elapsed since the last comprehensive review on H. scabra published in 2001. Research on H. scabra has continued to accumulate, fuelled by intense commercial exploitation, and further declines in wild stocks over the entire distribution range. This review compiles data from over 950 publications pertaining to the biology, ecology, physiology, biochemical composition, aquaculture, fishery, processing and trade of H. scabra, presenting the most complete synthesis to date, including scientific papers and material published by local institutions and/or in foreign languages. The main goal of this project was to summarize and critically discuss the abundant literature on this species, making it more readily accessible to all stakeholders aiming to conduct fundamental and applied research on H. scabra, or wishing to develop aquaculture, stock enhancement and management programs across its geographic range. 

Global knowledge on the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

Intensification of aquaculture is directed at the effort to increase productivity by carrying capacity of production factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Holothuria scabra cultured intensively through the application of compost fertilizer. H. scabra were reared for 90 days (20 individuals/m2 of density), using a pen culture method on the three different substrates, namely fine sand, seagrass mud, and coarse sand, where each treatment was made as four replicates. The amount of compost used for the type of each substrate was the same. The results showed that applying compost in sea cucumbers culture using the pen culture method was proven to be effective in increasing the growth performance of sea cucumbers H. scabra, with the weight gain, growth rate, and survival, respectively, ie: 49.10±1.62 g; 1.26±0.03% g/day and 90.00% on seagrass mud substrate; 46.00±6.92 g; 1.23±0.11% g/day and 89.00% on a fine sand substrate and the lowest is 42.05±g; 1.13±0.08% g/day and 87.50% were found on a coarse sand substrate. The growth response was not significantly different between the three substrate types (Duncan’s test, p>0.05), indicating that the availability of nutrient sources in substrates is one of the key factors for the intensification of H. scabra culture.

Application of compost in the different of pen culture substrates type for the intensification of sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger 1883) culture

Lucy Gwen Gillis

Papers

Carbon supplementation promotes assimilation of aquaculture waste by the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra:: Evidence from stable isotope analysis