Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

We redescribe the only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. pycnonoti Eichler. Sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are: M. phillipsi ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli), M. gieferi ex P. goiavier suluensis Mearns, M. kulpai ex P. flavescens Blyth, M. finlaysoni ex P. finlaysoni Strickland, M. kathleenae ex P. cafer (L.), M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus (J. R. Forster), M. mcclurei ex Microscelis amaurotis (Temminck), M. zeylanici ex P. zeylanicus (Gmelin), M. plumosi ex P. plumosus Blyth, M. eutiloti ex P. eutilotus (Jardine and Selby), M. adamsae ex P. urostictus (Salvadori), M. ochracei ex Criniger ochraceus F. Moore, M. borbonici ex Hypsipetes borbonicus (J. R. Forster), M. johnsoni ex P. atriceps (Temminck), M. palmai ex C. ochraceus, and M. claytoni ex P. eutilotus. A key is provided for the identification of these 17 species.

A new species

Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses

Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission

Porosities in the outer table of the cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis) and orbital roof (cribra orbitalia) are among the most frequent pathological lesions seen in ancient human skeletal collections. Since the 1950s, chronic iron-deficiency anemia has been widely accepted as the probable cause of both conditions. Based on this proposed etiology, bioarchaeologists use the prevalence of these conditions to infer living conditions conducive to dietary iron deficiency, iron malabsorption, and iron loss from both diarrheal disease and intestinal parasites in earlier human populations. This iron-deficiency-anemia hypothesis is inconsistent with recent hematological research that shows iron deficiency per se cannot sustain the massive red blood cell production that causes the marrow expansion responsible for these lesions. Several lines of evidence suggest that the accelerated loss and compensatory over-production of red blood cells seen in hemolytic and megaloblastic anemias is the most likely proximate cause of porotic hyperostosis. Although cranial vault and orbital roof porosities are sometimes conflated under the term porotic hyperostosis, paleopathological and clinical evidence suggests they often have different etiologies. Reconsidering the etiology of these skeletal conditions has important implications for current interpretations of malnutrition and infectious disease in earlier human populations.

The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: a reappraisal of the iron-deficiency-anemia hypothesis.

Almost all known human specific parasites have been found in ancient feces. A review of the paleoparasitological helminth and intestinal protozoa findings available in the literature is presented. We also report the new paleoparasitologic findings from the examination performed in samples collected in New and Old World archaeological sites. New finds of ancylostomid, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichostrongylus spp., Diphyllobothrium latum, Hymenolepis nana and Acantocephalan eggs are reported. According to the findings, it is probable that A. lumbricoides was originally a human parasite. Human ancylostomids, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, found in the New World in pre-Columbian times, have not been introduced into the Americas by land via Beringia. These parasites could not supported the cold climate of the region. Nomadic prehistoric humans that have crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia to the Americas in the last glaciation, probably during generations, would have lost these parasites, which life cycles need warm temperatures in the soil to be transmitted from host to host. Alternative routes are discussed for human parasite introduction into the Americas.

https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/24719/2/HumanIntestinal.pdf

Human intestinal parasites in the past: new findings and a review

La conservation des helminthes. Concentration, identification, quantification des oeufs d'helminthes provenant de sols de latrines. Analyse des coprolithes. Les tendances de la paleo-parasitologie

Recovery of Parasite Remains From Coprolites and Latrines: Aspects of Paleoparasitological Technique

Laboratoire de Paleoparasitologie, CNRS ESA 8045, Universite de Reims, France *Fundacao Museu do Homem Americano, Sa0Raimundo Nonato, PI, Brasil **Institute of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany/ Insect GeneticsLab, WIDB 401, Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, Utah, USA ***Escola Nacionalde Saude Publica-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil ****School of Natural Research Resources/University of Nebraska, Lincoln

/pdf/parasite-remains-in-archaeological-sites-2x0ppfnq6z.pdf

Parasite remains in archaeological sites.

Parasite remains in archaeological sites

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=parasitologyfacpubs

Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Papers

Human intestinal parasites in the past: new findings and a review

Recovery of Parasite Remains From Coprolites and Latrines: Aspects of Paleoparasitological Technique

Parasite remains in archaeological sites.

Parasite remains in archaeological sites

Parasites as probes for prehistoric human migrations