We investigate the PAN dust explosion inhibition behaviors of NaHCO3 and Al(OH)3 in a 20 L spherical explosion system and a transparent pipe explosion propagation test system. The results show that, in the standard 20 L spherical explosion system, the highest PAN dust explosion concentration is 500 g/m3, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.661 MPa, and the maximum explosion pressure increase rate is 31.64 MPa/s; adding 50% NaHCO3 and 60% Al(OH)3 can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion. In the DN0.15 m transparent pipe explosion propagation test system, for 500 g/m3 PAN dust, the initial explosion flame velocity is 102 m/s, the initial pressure is 0.46 MPa, and the initial temperature is 967 °C; adding 60% NaHCO3 and 70% Al(OH)3 can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion flames. Through FTIR and TG analyses, we obtain the explosion products and pyrolysis patterns of the explosion products of PAN dust, NaHCO3, and Al(OH)3. On this basis, we also summarize the PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO3 and Al(OH)3.

PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO3 and Al(OH)3

Experimental and numerical study of polyoxymethylene (Aldrich) combustion in counterflow

Study of thermal decomposition parameters of UHMWPE sheet

In the present review, using an integrated approach based on the experimental and theoretical study of the processes of thermal decomposition and combustion of practically important polymers, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, the features of the mechanism for reducing the combustibility of these materials with phosphorus-containing flame-retardants (FR), as well as graphene, are identified. A set of original experimental methods was developed and applied that make it possible to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition and the thermal and chemical structure of the flames of the studied materials, including those with FR additives, as well as to measure the flame propagation velocity, the mass burning rate, and the heat fluxes from the flame on the surface of a material. Numerical models were developed and tested to describe the key parameters of the flames of the studied polymeric materials. An analysis of the experimental and numerical simulation data presented showed that the main effect of phosphorus-containing fire-retardants on reducing the combustibility of these materials is associated with the inhibition of combustion processes in the gas phase, and the effect of adding graphene manifests itself in both gas and condensed phases.

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Mechanisms of the Action of Fire-Retardants on Reducing the Flammability of Certain Classes of Polymers and Glass-Reinforced Plastics Based on the Study of Their Combustion

Numerical study of polyethylene burning in counterflow: Effect of pyrolysis kinetics and composition of pyrolysis products

The thermal degradation and combustion of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) doped with triphenyl phosphate (TPP) at atmospheric pressure was studied by molecular beam mass spectrometry, dynamic mass spectrometric thermal analysis, microthermocouples, thermogravimetry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The kinetics of thermal degradation of pure UHMWPE and that mixed with TPP at high (≈150 K/s) and low (0.17 K/s) heating rates was investigated. The effective values of the rate constant and activation energy of the thermal degradation reaction were determined. Burning velocity and temperature profiles in UHMWPE and UHMWPE + TPP flames were measured. The composition of the combustion products in a flame zone adjacent to the burning surface of the sample was determined. TPP vapor in the flame was detected. The addition of TPP to UHMWPE was found to reduce the flammability of the polymer. It is shown that TPP acts as a fire retardant in both the condensed and gas phases.

Reducing the flammability of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene by triphenyl phosphate additives

The combustion of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in airflow perpendicular to the polyethylene surface (counterflow flame) was studied in detail. The burning rate of pressed samples of UHMWPE was measured. The structure of the UHMWPE–air counterflow flame was first determined by mass spectrometric sampling taking into account heavy products. The composition of the main pyrolysis products was investigated by mass spectrometry, and the composition of heavy hydrocarbons (C7—C25) in products sampled from the flame at a distance of 0.8 mm from the UHMWPE surface was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry. The temperature and concentration profiles of eight species (N2, O2, CO2, CO, H2O, C3H6, C4H6, and C6H6) and a hypothetical species with an average molecular weight of 258.7 g/mol, which simulates more than 50 C7—C25 hydrocarbons were measured. The structure of the diffusion flame of the model mixture of decomposition products of UHMWPE in air counterflow was simulated using the OPPDIF code from the CHEMKIN II software package. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data on combustion of UHMWPE.

M. B. Gonchikzhapov

Papers

Reducing the flammability of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene by triphenyl phosphate additives

Structure of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene–air counterflow flame

Numerical study of polyethylene burning in counterflow: Effect of pyrolysis kinetics and composition of pyrolysis products