Aliphatic cyclic carbonates and spiroorthocarbonates as monomers

Colouration of tungsten oxide films: A model for optically active coatings

Molybdenum oxide can exhibit pronounced photochromism and thus might act as an excellent photonic material for a number of technical applications. In the early stage of the research, the attention was focused mainly on the (band) structure, photochromic mechanism and the behavior of the oxide. Later, many investigations were carried out on the factors that might influence the photochromic performance. At the same time, the photochromic response has been extended from UV light to visible light. In this review, the progress in all of these areas will be reviewed thoroughly.

Photochromism of molybdenum oxide

The chemistry of methanol was explored on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface, with and without the presence of coadsorbed water and oxygen, using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface possessed about 8% oxygen vacancy sites, as determined with H2O TPD. Although evidence is presented for CH3OH dissociation to methoxy groups on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface using SSIMS and HREELS, particularly at vacancy sites, the majority of the adlayer was molecularly adsorbed, evolving in TPD at 295 K. Although no evidence of irreversible decomposition was found in the TPD, dissociative CH3OH adsorption at 135 K on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface led to recombinative desorption states at 350 and 480 K corresponding to methoxys adsorbed at non-vacancy and vacancy sites, respectively. Coadsorbed water had little or no influence on the chemistry of CH3OH on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface, however new channels of chemistry were observed when CH3OH was adsorbed on the surface after O2 adsorption at various temperatures. In particular, O2 exposure at 300 K resulted in O adatoms (via dissociation at vacancies) that led to increased levels of CH3O–H bond cleavage. The higher surface coverage of methoxy then resulted in a disproportionation reaction to form CH3OH and H2CO above 600 K. In contrast, low temperature exposure of the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface to O2 resulted in low temperature state of O2 (presumably an O2- species) that oxidized CH3OH to H2CO by C–H bond cleavage. These results provide incentive to consider alternative thermal and photochemical oxidation mechanisms that involve the interaction of organics and oxygen at surface defect sites.

The chemistry of methanol on the TiO2(110) surface: the influence of vacancies and coadsorbed species

http://cgcri.csircentral.net/815/1/815.pdf

Sol–gel electrochromic coatings and devices: A review

Electronic structure of the surface of ruthenium — titanium oxide anodes. X-ray electron and modulation spectroscopy

Synthesis and structure of barium-titanium and calcium-titanium bimetallicalcoholates

The Alkoxides of Molybdenum, Tungsten and Vanadium and their Hydrolysis Products

Fine powders of ZrO2, ZrO2-Y2O3, BaTi1−xZrxO3 have been obtained by hydrolysis of alkoxides. For preparation of ZrO2-based materials precipitation from the partially hydrolyzed alkoxides solutions (sols) has been used. Barium titanate-based materials were obtained by hydroxide-alkoxide route with quick hydrolysis of titanium butoxide by excess of water on the first stage. The effect of the hydrolysis conditions on the size, shape, and specific surface area of the oxide powders has been discussed. Some considerations on comparison of the two hydrolytic techniques have been suggested.

Alkoxy-derived fine powders of simple and complex oxides: Code: EP20

In order to obtain new organic-inorganic hybrid materials the method exploiting the phenomenon of polymer crazing was investigated. Polypropylene and polyethyleneterephtalate films were subjected to crazing to achieve high porosity. Incorporation of hydrated oxides of Mo and W in porous polymer matrix was performed by hydrolysis of alkoxides in pores using counterflow diffusion technique. It was shown that peculiarities of the hydrolysis of the initial compounds affect significantly the distribution of substances inside porous polymer matrix and the possibility of accumulation of inorganic component inside the film. Mo matter in contrast to W is easily incorporated in the polymer matrix to form a well-defined layer. These samples demonstrated high photosensitivity.

M. I. Yanovskaya

Papers

Electronic structure of the surface of ruthenium — titanium oxide anodes. X-ray electron and modulation spectroscopy

Synthesis and structure of barium-titanium and calcium-titanium bimetallicalcoholates

The Alkoxides of Molybdenum, Tungsten and Vanadium and their Hydrolysis Products

Alkoxy-derived fine powders of simple and complex oxides: Code: EP20

Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials by incorporation of molybdenum and tungsten hydrated oxides in polymers