Lubricants perform as anti-friction media. They facilitate smooth operations, maintain reliable machine functions, and reduce the risks of frequent failures. At present, the increasing prices of crude oil, the depletion of crude oil reserves in the world, and global concern in protecting the environment from pollution have renewed interest in developing and using environment-friendly lubricants derived from alternative sources. A biolubricant is renewable lubricants that is biodegradable, non-toxic, and emits net zero greenhouse gas. This study presents the potential of a biolubricant based on vegetable oil as an alternative lubricant according to studies published in highly rated journals in scientific indices. In the first part of this paper, the source, properties, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the biolubricant are discussed. The second part describes the potential of vegetable oil-based biolubricants as alternative lubricants for automobile applications. The final part describes the world biolubricant market and its future prospects. Biolubricants are potential alternative lubricants because of their low toxicity, good lubricating properties, high viscosity index, high ignition temperature, increased equipment service life, high load-carrying abilities, good anti-wear characteristic, excellent coefficient of friction, natural multi-grade properties, low evaporation rates, and low emissions into the atmosphere.

The prospects of biolubricants as alternatives in automotive applications

This article addresses the issue of friction and wear characteristics of diesel engine cylinder liner–piston ring combinations under different lubricating conditions using a pin-on-disc wear tribometer. The discs were made out of actual engine cylinder liner material using a casting process. Pins were made out of top compression ring material. The tests were conducted on a pin-on-disc tribometer for wear and friction characteristics of the cylinder liner and piston ring combination with diesel-contaminated rapeseed oil–based bio-lubricant, diesel-contaminated commercial synthetic lubrication oil (SAE 20W40), biodiesel-contaminated commercial synthetic lubrication oil (SAE 20W40), and used (150 h) commercial synthetic lubrication oil (SAE 20W40). Experimental results demonstrated that the rapeseed oil–based bio-lubricant and biodiesel-contaminated synthetic lubricant exhibited better performance in terms of wear, friction, and frictional force under similar operating conditions. Thus, usage of newly formul...

Effect of Bio-Lubricant and Biodiesel-Contaminated Lubricant on Tribological Behavior of Cylinder Liner–Piston Ring Combination

Tribological (wear) properties of aluminum–silicon eutectic base alloy under dry sliding condition

Comparative analysis for the production of fatty acid alkyl esterase using whole cell biocatalyst and purified enzyme from Rhizopus oryzae on waste cooking oil (sunflower oil)

Automotive manufacturers made significant efforts to achieve an overall increase in the energy efficiency and to reduce the toxic emission level. In the way to achieve these goals, non-conventional engine technologies were brought to the market with improved efficiency and controlled emission system. Numerous other supporting technologies which include biofuels and newly improved lubricants were also involved to contribute in automotive engine system improvement. The problem of friction and wear being inbred to the automotive application, further raise environmental hazards by way of more fuel consumption and wear debris. For several years there have been numerous efforts to reduce the amount of fuel consumed by automotive engines. Many of the solutions been strictly mechanical based. Other efforts have revolved around finding the lubricants that reduce the overall friction in the engine. Lubricants perform an anti-friction media which facilitate smooth operation, reduce friction, wear and risk of frequent failure. Due to this ever-increasing demand for lubricant, a considerable amount of work has been done to modify the lubricating oils with additives to enhance their overall properties. This review paper is aimed to highlight the research carried out in the field of lubricating oil with nano additives for the automotive applications. © 2018 Published by Faculty of Engineering Corresponding author: Pranav Dev Srivyas Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar-190006, JandK, INDIA. E-mail: devpranav.srivyas_17@nitsri.net

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A Review on Tribological Characterization of Lubricants with Nano Additives for Automotive Applications

A study has been made on the wear and friction of hardened AISI 1045 steel using a tri-pin-on-disc type of friction and wear apparatus. During the investigation the linear pin wear, coefficient of friction and rise in pin specimen temperature were monitored and wear and friction curves plotted. Wear surfaces and mechanisms were investigated by means of optical microscopy. Analysis of used lubricating oil was performed using FTIR spectroscopy. It was shown that the wear rate, type of wear and friction coefficient were influenced by contaminating the lubricant with bio-fuel as well as the surface hardening treatment. Corrosive wear and pits on the specimen surface were found when plain bio-fuel was used as lubricating oil. The results also confirmed that better wear resistance was obtained from the surface-hardened steel specimen with 4 % bio-fuel-contaminated lubricant. Results from this study will be useful in material selection for tribological components in diesel engines running on vegetable fuel. Pres...

M. Ishak

Papers

Bio-Fuel-Contaminated Lubricant and Hardening Effects on the Friction and Wear of AISI 1045 Steel