Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor compounds (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof ; compositions of the new compounds, either alone or in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and uses of the new compounds, either alone or in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent, in the prophylaxis or treatment of proliferative diseases characterized by the abnormal activity of growth factors, protein serine/threonine kinases, and phospholipid kinases.

Pyrimidine derivatives used as pi-3 kinase inhibitors

Twenty preparatively useful azomethines have been quantitatively (100% yield at 100% conversion) obtained as hydrates by grinding together solid anilines with solid benzaldehydes without passing through liquid phases. Unlike (acid catalyzed) azomethine syntheses in solution, the solid–solid condensations proceed ‘waste-free’. The solid-state mechanisms have been elucidated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in part by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) in three cases. The results indicate long distance migration of the aldehydes into the lattice of the aniline derivatives. Stumpy protrusions are formed at the direct points of contact but also close distance sublimation (100 nm range) is successful in the case of p-chlorobenzaldehyde and p-nitroaniline. Long-range flow of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde molecules on its (010)-face into contacting crystals of p-toluidine or p-anisidine occurs along two different cleavage planes. Steep hills and valleys are left behind. The molecular migrations through the sites of contact are interpreted in terms of crystal packing. The ease of these solid–solid condensation reactions relies on the crystal packing.

Quantitative solid–solid synthesis of azomethines

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3 kinase inhibitor compounds, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof; compositions of the new compounds, either alone or in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and uses of the new compounds, either alone or in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent, in the prophylaxis or treatment of proliferative diseases characterized by the abnormal activity of growth factors, protein serine/threonine kinases, phospholipid kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and phosphatases.

Pi-3 kinase inhibitors and methods of their use

Deprotonation of benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzo[b]thiophene, benzo[b]furan, N-Boc-protected indole and pyrrole, and N-phenylpyrazole using an in situ mixture of ZnCl(2).TMEDA (0.5 equiv) and lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (1.5 equiv) in THF at room temperature is described. The reaction was evidenced by trapping with iodine, regioselectively giving the expected functionalized derivatives in 52-73% yields. A mixture of mono- and disubstituted derivatives was obtained starting from thiazole. Cross-coupling reactions of 2-metalated benzo[b]thiophene and benzo[b]furan with heteroaromatic chlorides proved possible under palladium catalysis. A reaction pathway where the lithium amide and zinc diamide present in solution behave synergically was proposed for the deprotonation reaction, taking account of NMR and DFT studies carried out on the basic mixture.

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Deprotonative Metalation of Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Using Mixed Lithium−Zinc Species

In recent years, environmental and economic reasons have motivated the development of transition metal-free carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and some excellent reviews have covered this research area of particular interest for the pharmaceutical industry. However, none of these reviews has been specifically dedicated to summarize and discuss the results achieved in the rapidly growing field of the transition metal-free direct (hetero)arylation reactions of heteroarenes. This review, which covers the literature from 2008 to 2014, aims to provide a thorough insight into the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of these atom economic and environmentally benign reactions also highlighting their advantages and possible disadvantages compared to conventional methods for the synthesis of arylheteroarenes and biheteroaryls via transition metal-catalyzed reactions.

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Transition Metal-Free Direct CH (Hetero)arylation of Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Methodology to Access (Hetero)aryl-Substituted Heteroarenes

Synthesis of 2-chloro-4,6-di(heteroaryl)pyrimidines

Regioselective additions of grignard and lithium reagents to 2-[(benzylidene)aminoi]benzonitrile and 2-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]benzonitrile

A method of preparation of substituted halogenodiazines which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of novel unfused heterobicyclic compounds, and the products thereof. The reaction consists of the addition of an organolithium reagent to a halogenodiazine with subsequent dehydrogenation of the addition product. The reaction takes place in one reaction vessel, without isolation of the substituted halogenodihydrodiazine intermediate. The reactions proceed at moderate temperature and in a short amount of time, which decreases the probability of side reactions and increases yield. Furthermore, the workup step is conducted under two-phase conditions to prevent hydrolysis of the substituted halogenodiazine to a substituted hydroxydiazine. The method is easy, efficient and results in a high yield of product. The substituted halogenodiazines are used as intermediates in the synthesis of novel unfused heterobiocyclic compounds containing an aromatic moiety, diazine, and another aromatic moiety, such as thiophene, benzene, or naphthalene, which have biological activity.

Novel diazines and their method of preparation

A series of new 4,6-di(heteroaryl)pyrimidines containing an N-methylpiperazino group (6-13) or an ethylenediamine chain (15-20) in position 2 were synthesized and their 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor affinities were determined. It was shown that the substituent effects on the 5-HT2A affinity are additive and could be described quantitatively. In a behavioral model it was also demonstrated that 6-11 are 5-HT2A receptor antagonists. The molecular modelling results suggested that the distances between the basic nitrogen atom and the two aromatic centers (d1 = 5.2-8.4 A, d2 = 5.7-8.5 A, and d3 = 4.6-7.3 A) define the molecular topography of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonists under study.

4,6-Di(heteroaryl)-2-(N-methylpiperazino)pyrimidines as New, Potent 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands: A Verification of the Topographic Model

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of CNS Agents. Part 30. 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptor Affinity and Functional Profile of Some N-(3-(4- Aryl-1-piperazinyl)propyl) Derivatives of Indolin-2(1H)-one, Quinolin- 2(1H)-one and Isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.

M. J. Mokrosz

Papers

Synthesis of 2-chloro-4,6-di(heteroaryl)pyrimidines

Regioselective additions of grignard and lithium reagents to 2-[(benzylidene)aminoi]benzonitrile and 2-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]benzonitrile

Novel diazines and their method of preparation

4,6-Di(heteroaryl)-2-(N-methylpiperazino)pyrimidines as New, Potent 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands: A Verification of the Topographic Model

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of CNS Agents. Part 30. 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptor Affinity and Functional Profile of Some N-(3-(4- Aryl-1-piperazinyl)propyl) Derivatives of Indolin-2(1H)-one, Quinolin- 2(1H)-one and Isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.