https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8589931/file/8609217.pdf

Methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines

The use of inedible vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engine is accelerated by the energy crisis due to depletion of resources and increased environmental problems including the great need for edible oil as food and the reduction of biodiesel production cost, etc. Of a lot of inedible vegetable oils which can be exploited for substitute fuel as diesel fuel, seven vegetable oils, i.e., jatropha, karanja, mahua, linseed, rubber seed, cottonseed and neem oils were selected for discussion in this review paper. The application of jatropha oil as a liquid fuel for CI engine can be classified with neat jatropha oil, engine modifications such as preheating, and dual fuelling, and fuel modifications such as jatropha oil blends with other fuels, mostly with diesel fuel, biodiesel, biodiesel blends and degumming. Therefore, jatropha oil is a leading candidate for the commercialization of non-edible vegetable oils. There exists a big difference in the fuel properties of seven inedible vegetable oils and its biodiesels considered in this review. It is clear from this review that biodiesel generally causes an increase in NOx emission and a decrease in HC, CO and PM emissions compared to diesel. It was reported that a diesel engine without any modification would run successfully on a blend of 20% vegetable oil and 80% diesel fuel without damage to engine parts. This trend can be applied to the biodiesel blends even though particular biodiesel shows 40% blend. In addition, the blends of biodiesel and diesel can replace the diesel fuel up to 10% by volume for running common rail direct injection system without any durability problems.

Inedible vegetable oils and their derivatives for alternative diesel fuels in CI engines: A review

The increasing energy demand, surging oil prices, depleting oil reserves and environmental pollution problems associated with the use of fossil fuels have sparked renewed interest to find out clean alternative fuels. Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol are competitive alternative fuels due to their liquid nature, high oxygen contents, high octane number and their production from renewable biomass. In this review, the fuel properties of these alcohols are compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. The comparison of fuel properties represents that butanol has the potential to overcome the problems associated with the use of methanol and ethanol. Progresses of their production from different sources are also introduced. Further, several techniques such as alcohol–diesel fuel blends and alcohol–diesel fuel emulsions are discussed, especially for lower alcohols, in order to use them in diesel engines. The effects of diesel–alcohol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of diesel engines are also analyzed. It is examined that blending of alcohols, along with some CN improver, to diesel fuels can reduce diesel engine emissions without adverse impacts on the performance of diesel engines. These studies also reveal that butanol is a better alternative for diesel fuel due to its superior fuel properties and miscibility with diesel fuel than those of methanol and ethanol. Finally, some critical conclusions and future research directions are highlighted.

Advances in diesel–alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines

Performance, emission and combustion characteristic of a multicylinder DI diesel engine running on diesel–ethanol–biodiesel blends of high ethanol content

Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines

Predictions of cam follower wear in diesel engines

Experimental Investigations on a Karanja Oil Methyl Ester Fueled DI Diesel Engine

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI): A New Concept for Near Zero NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) from Diesel Engine Combustion

Experimental Investigations on the Performance Characteristics of a Producer Gas Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

In a dual fuel engine a primary fuel that is generally a gas is mixed with air, compressed and ignited by a small pilot- spray of diesel as in a diesel engine. Dual fuel engines generally suffer from the problem of lower brake power and lower peak engine cylinder pressure due to lower volumetric efficiency, although an improvement in brake specific energy consumption is observed compared to pure diesel mode. Results indicate that with an increase in percentage of CNG substitution the brake power decreases. The exhaust gas temperature and peak cylinder pressure also decrease. The rate of pressure rise is higher at lower engine speeds (1100, 1400 rev/min), although at 1700 and 2000 rev/min it is lower. The delay period throughout the engine speed shows an increasing trend. The coefficient of variation is also higher throughout the engine speeds and shows an increasing trend. The brake specific energy consumption is lower at 1100, 1400 and 1700 rev/min and at 2000 rev/min it is higher. The model, which illustrates the simulation of the power cycle of a pre-chamber diesel engine consisting of compression, combustion and expansion processes predicts brake-power, delay period, brake specific energy consumption and maximum cylinder gas pressure for various percentage of CNG substitution. The above model was validated using available experimental results.

M. K. Gajendra Babu

Papers

Predictions of cam follower wear in diesel engines

Experimental Investigations on a Karanja Oil Methyl Ester Fueled DI Diesel Engine

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI): A New Concept for Near Zero NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) from Diesel Engine Combustion

Experimental Investigations on the Performance Characteristics of a Producer Gas Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

Experimental Investigations of Different Parameters Affecting the Performance of a CNG - Diesel Dual Fuel Engine