International Journal of Computer and Applications

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Advances in wireless communication technologies, such as wearable and implantable biosensors, along with recent developments in the embedded computing area are enabling the design, development, and implementation of body area networks. This class of networks is paving the way for the deployment of innovative healthcare monitoring applications. In the past few years, much of the research in the area of body area networks has focused on issues related to wireless sensor designs, sensor miniaturization, low-power sensor circuitry, signal processing, and communications protocols. In this paper, we present an overview of body area networks, and a discussion of BAN communications types and their related issues. We provide a detailed investigation of sensor devices, physical layer, data link layer, and radio technology aspects of BAN research. We also present a taxonomy of BAN projects that have been introduced/proposed to date. Finally, we highlight some of the design challenges and open issues that still need to be addressed to make BANs truly ubiquitous for a wide range of applications.

Body Area Networks: A Survey

The problem of idle listening is one of the most significant sources of energy consumption in wireless sensor nodes, and many techniques have been proposed based on duty cycling to reduce this cost. In this paper, we present a new asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol, called Receiver-Initiated MAC (RI-MAC), that uses receiver-initiated data transmission in order to efficiently and effectively operate over a wide range of traffic loads. RI-MAC attempts to minimize the time a sender and its intended receiver occupy the wireless medium to find a rendezvous time for exchanging data, while still decoupling the sender and receiver's duty cycle schedules. We show the performance of RI-MAC through detailed ns-2 simulation and through measurements of an implementation in TinyOS in a testbed of MICAz motes. Compared to the prior asynchronous duty cycling approach of X-MAC, RI-MAC achieves higher throughput, packet delivery ratio, and power efficiency under a wide range of traffic loads. Especially when there are contending flows, such as bursty traffic or transmissions from hidden nodes, RI-MAC significantly improves throughput and packet delivery ratio. Even under light traffic load for which X-MAC is optimized, RI-MAC achieves the same high performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and latency while maintaining comparable power efficiency.

/pdf/ri-mac-a-receiver-initiated-asynchronous-duty-cycle-mac-4rb0jcbw11.pdf

RI-MAC: a receiver-initiated asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks

http://www.inf.ufes.br/~zegonc/material/Redes%20de%20Sensores%20sem%20Fio/MAC%20in%20WSN.pdf

Medium access control in wireless sensor networks

Molecular communication is emerging as an advanced paradigm of communication, whose application ranges from biomedical to communication industry and information theory. However, the channel and propagation medium is always the biggest point of concern. Many works of literature have proposed the diffusion-based molecular communication but none of the literature has presented the implementation of it in any of the VLSI tools. This paper, however, implements simulation results for the concentration of molecules in the human blood for the different values of temperature. Specifically, we have considered the temperature 98°F and 104°F and the diameter of ventricles for both male and female hearts. We have presented the simulation result using Verilog HDL in Xilinx ISE suite 14.5.

Verilog Implementation of Diffusion Concentration in Molecular Communication

Nano Communication (NC) is evolving as a new paradigm of Wireless Communication (WC) whose application ranges from security to medical, information communication to bioinformatics and body machine interface to consumer industry. But like any other WC system channel modelling of NC has been found as most challenging issue. Channel Model-3 (CM-3) is one of the channel models for NC among others (CM-1 to CM-4). However, in CM-3 model Poisson distribution has been used to estimate the path arrival time and number of arrival paths, for the calculation of channel impulse response (CIR) which is not suitable in real scenario. Therefore, in this paper CIR for NC under CM-3 has been presented using Negative Binomial distribution in place of Poisson distribution. Numerical discussions show the comparison of CIR under given distributions.

Channel Impairment Analysis in Nano Communication Under CM-3 Scenario

In this paper, performance analysis of radio frequency/ free-space optical (RF/FSO) communication system based on the amplified and forward (AF) has been carried out. The analytical closed-form expression of outage probability for end-to-end average signal to noise ratio (SNR) has been derived where Nakagami-m distribution is used to model the RF link and FSO link assumed to follow the Fisher Snedecor (F) distribution. The results are simulated on MATLAB software.

Performance Analysis of Dual-HopaMixed RF/FSO Systemaover Nakagami-m/Fisher Snedecor Fading Channels

Radio on Free Space Optical Communication (RoFSO) provides the solution for increasing day by day demand of high data capacity. In RoFSO, the RF signals carrying information is transmitted through free space using line of sight communication. The major shortcoming in this wireless link is atmospheric turbulence fading. In this paper, we modeled FSO channel using Double Generalized Gamma distribution for the transmission of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals with K-Phase Shift Keying (K-PSK) modulation. Further, we evaluated its performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) for strong, moderate and weak turbulence conditions. Simulation results show that as the order of K-PSK increases, BER performance degrades.

Bit Error Rate Analysis of K-PSK Modulation with OFDM RoFSO System over Double Generalized Gamma Turbulence Channel

Considering a Dual Hop RF/FSO communication system, one hop is used as RF Signal and another as an FSO channel. Our work uses Mixture Gamma Distribution to model the RF channel and a Double Generalized Gamma distribution to model the FSO channel. Also, as a special case, of Mixture Gamma, Rayleigh and Nakagami-m distribution is modelled at RF channel. Thereby, we perform mathematical and graphical analysis for different turbulence conditions. The system's performance is analyzed in terms of Ergodic Capacity with different threshold SNR. The simulation results show that Ergodic Capacity increases with an increase in average electrical SNR under other turbulence conditions.

M. K. Lakshmanan

Papers

Verilog Implementation of Diffusion Concentration in Molecular Communication

Channel Impairment Analysis in Nano Communication Under CM-3 Scenario

Performance Analysis of Dual-HopaMixed RF/FSO Systemaover Nakagami-m/Fisher Snedecor Fading Channels

Bit Error Rate Analysis of K-PSK Modulation with OFDM RoFSO System over Double Generalized Gamma Turbulence Channel

Ergodic Capacity of Mixture Gamma and Double Generalized Gamma Distribution in Dual Hop RF/FSO Transmission System