Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China

http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867422007103/pdf

Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum

Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : New insights into the antiviral effects of chloroquine

Summary Background Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection. Methods Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. Breastmilk samples were also collected and tested from patients after the first lactation. Findings All nine patients had a caesarean section in their third trimester. Seven patients presented with a fever. Other symptoms, including cough (in four of nine patients), myalgia (in three), sore throat (in two), and malaise (in two), were also observed. Fetal distress was monitored in two cases. Five of nine patients had lymphopenia ( Interpretation The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women were similar to those reported for non-pregnant adult patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. Funding Hubei Science and Technology Plan, Wuhan University Medical Development Plan.

Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records

Aim: The aim of the study to analyze the structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro drug and anti-COVID-19 discovery from medicinal plants Materials and Methods: A systemic strategy was employed using keywords to search the literature in medical databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, etc Discussion: The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus sickness 2019 (COVID-19) realized by SARS-COV-2 has raised overall prosperity concerns The viral 3-chymotrypsin like foundational protease (3cl ace) impetus controls coronavirus replication and it is fundamental for its life cycle 3cl professional is an exhibited drug disclosure concentrated on the record of an extraordinary severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) The sum total of what patients had was related to the Wuhan Wholefood advertisement, where fish and live creatures are sold The infection spread quickly and general wellbeing experts in China started a control exertion Notwithstanding, at that point, voyagers had conveyed the infection to numerous nations, starting recollections of the past coronavirus scourges, serious intense respiratory disorder severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory condition, and causing broad media consideration and frenzy In light of clinical models and accessible serological and atomic data, the new illness was called coronavirus malady of 2019 coronavirus, and the novel coronavirus was called Coronavirus-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome, underlining its cozy relationship to the 2002 SARS infection (SARS-CoV) Established researchers hustled to reveal the birthplace of the infection, comprehend the pathogenesis of the sickness, create treatment choices, characterize the hazard factors, and work on antibody advancement Here we present a rundown of the ebb and flow information with respect to the novel coronavirus and the illness it causes Continuous assessments revealed the genome progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Conclusion: Thus, in this, we separated the 3cl master gathering, built up its 3D homology model, and screened it against a helpful plant library containing 32,297 are likely vitality of phytochemicals/standard Chinese remedial blends Our examinations revealed that the best nine hits may fill in a likely for the SARS-COV2 lead particles for extra upgrade and drug improvement methodology to fight COVID-19 © IJCRR

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Structural basis of SARS CoV 2 3CL PRO drug and antiCOVID-19 discovery from medicinal plants - A review

Introduction: Immunopathogenesis is the process of the development of a disease that involves immune response or immune system The focus of the study is basically on the understanding of control and management along with the role-play of host immune responses and the pathogenesis of the microorganism Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses which will lead to mild to severe illness, with symptoms most commonly cough, cold, and fever The severe forms include Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) The worldwide pandemic COVID-19 was started in Wuhan city Wuhan city, located in the Hubei province has a huge market called Huanan Seafood market housing numerous non-vegetarian foods which has now become the place where the pandemic started A new strain of the virus that had not been earlier detected in humans is the Novel coronavirus (nCoV) These ranges of viruses are known to be zoonotic in nature, which means they can be easily transmitted between animals and human patients The significant challenge faced with these viruses is their evolutionary nature Materials and Methods: This is a review article wherein various articles were searched through search engines like Google Scholar and Pubmed using keywords like pathogenesis of COVID-19, immune mechanism of COVID-19, the role of TNF-Alpha, interferons, and diagnosis of COVID-19 Over 50 articles were collected and reviewed thoroughly Results and Discussion: The nCoV is made up of a special protein called the glycosylated protein, which is also called the Spike protein or S protein It plays a vital role in allowing the entry of viruses into the host cell The spike protein is a large type 1 transmembrane protein that contains a range of 1160 amino acids Spike protein is a trimeric class one fusion protein that exists in a metadata level perfusion The ectodomain of all coronaviruses is known to share the same organization in two domains: an N-terminal domain called S1 that is responsible for receptor binding action and a C terminal S2 domain which is responsible for fusion This review will give details of the molecular immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 © IJCRR

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Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of covid-19-a review

Aim: The study aims to find whether children are essentially immune to COVID-19 Introduction: Immune is the resistance to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of antibodies or sensitized white blood cells The novel coronavirus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whereas the disease associated with it is referred to as COVID-19 The diagnostic methods that are involved exclusively are RNA detection by reverse transcription-polymerase (RT-PCR) of secretions through nasopharyngeal and throat swabs and in stool samples Materials and Method: In this review, various articles were searched through search engines like Google Scholar and Pubmed using keywords like immunity in children, resistance, COVID-19 in adults, COVID-19 in children, asymptomatic, less susceptible and milder symptoms Over 70 articles were collected and reviewed thoroughly Results and Discussion: Like adults, children exposed to the coronavirus can be infected with it and display signs of Covid-19 At the beginning of the pandemic, it was assumed that children are not getting infected with the coronavirus, but now it is clear that the amount of infection in children is the same as in adults It is just when they do get the infection they show much milder symptoms However, young children, particularly infants were vulnerable to infection Children frequently do not have a notable disease, raising the possibility for facilitators of viral infection transmission Conclusion: From this review, we can conclude that children are also susceptible to COVID 19 on the exposure to the virus and they are not essentially immune to COVID-19 © @IJCRR

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Are children essentially immune to COVID? - A review

Aim and Objectives: To review the current state of the knowledge about the COVID-19 cytological aspects Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus The infection has a predominantly respiratory transmission and it is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly with the infected surface or fomites The widespread infection led to social distancing measures Because it’s miles brought about by a singular virus, the cutting-edge pandemic has created plenty of anxiety, a good deal of it because of the comprehensible fear of the unknown We do no longer know how lengthy this pandemic will last, and what its toll on groups will be in terms of fatalities, or in psychological, physical, and economic well-being At this time, we still have many unanswered questions about this virus For a number of these questions, we won’t have answers primarily based on hard information for months to come, maybe until the epidemic is over and an analysis of the worldwide records may be performed Nonetheless, even before we have all the answers, we should neither panic, nor deal with it too lightly We have to “hold calm and bring on” and hold to characteristic as a cytology laboratory committed to offering the exceptional provider to our sufferers in this health care emergency, however at the same time maximize the protection of fitness care people and prevent useless risks, which could help the dissemination of the virus Due to repeated exposure to infectious patients and specimens, health care workers and laboratory personnel are more susceptible to COVID-19 Discussion and Conclusion: This review paper provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge about the disease, its pathology, and the potential presence of the virus in the cytology samples It also discusses the measures to be taken in the cytology laboratory during the pandemic and reduces the risk of the pathologist, personnel, and trainees © IJCRR

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The COVID-19 pandemic-implications for the cytology laboratory

Aim: The aim of this study is to get knowledge about the crisis and to create awareness about the problems faced by the daily laborers during the lockdown Introduction: The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic is perpetrating two sorts of shock on nations: a health shock and an eco-nomical shock The imposition of social distancing, self-isolation at home, closure of institutions, industries, and public facilities, restrictions on mobility can conceivably prompt critical ramifications for economies around the globe, which affects the survival of the daily laborers Materials and Method: The questionnaire is prepared to comprise 15 questions and the sample size is 100 participants The results were analyzed using SPSS software The bar graphs provided depicts the results Results and Discussion: 87 4% of the participants think that the COVID-19 lockdown led to the loss of the only source of income of the daily laborers 61 2% of the participants think that the daily laborers don’t have enough of their daily wages to survive this lockdown The results obtained from the population who participated in the study depict the knowledge and awareness of the problems faced by the daily laborers during the lockdown Conclusion: The study confirms that the public is aware of the economic and food crisis faced by the daily laborers during the lockdown © IJCRR

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M. P. Brundha

Papers

Structural basis of SARS CoV 2 3CL PRO drug and antiCOVID-19 discovery from medicinal plants - A review

Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of covid-19-a review

Are children essentially immune to COVID? - A review

The COVID-19 pandemic-implications for the cytology laboratory

Problems faced by daily labourers during covid-19 lockdown-a questionnaire survey