世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

Building Leadership Effectiveness This program encourages leaders to develop practices that transform values into action, vision into realities, obstacles into innovations, and risks into rewards. Participants will be introduced to the five practices of exemplary leadership: modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart Coaching & Communicating for Performance Coaching & Communicating for Performance is a highly interactive program that will give supervisors and managers the opportunity to build skills that will enable them to share expectations and set objectives for employees, provide constructive feedback, more effectively engage in learning conversations, and coaching opportunities. Skillful Conflict Management for Leaders As a leader, it is important to understand conflict and be effective at conflict management because the way conflict is resolved becomes an integral component of our university’s culture. This series of conflict management sessions help leaders learn and put into practice effective strategies for managing conflict.

기독교 사역과 Leadership

The End of History and the Last Man

This paper presents systematic empirical evidence for the financialization of the US economy in the post-1970s period. While numerous researchers have noted the increasing salience of finance, there have been few systematic attempts to consider what this shift means for the nature of the economy, considered broadly. In large part, this omission reflects the considerable methodological difficulties associated with using national economic data to assess the rise of finance as a macro-level phenomenon shaping patterns of accumulation in the US economy. The paper develops two discrete measures of financialization and applies these measures to postwar US economic data in order to determine if, and to what extent, the US economy is becoming financialized. The paper concludes by considering some of the implications of financialization for two areas of ongoing debate in the social sciences: (1) the question of who controls the modern corporation; and (2) the controversy surrounding the extent to which globalization has eroded the autonomy of the state.

The financialization of the American economy

After at least two decades of discussion and debate around the term, there is now a fair degree of agreement among public policy scholars as to what governance is and what it does. Policy making is an arena full of actors who are not only vertically structured but also linked together by a series of informal relationships, and we need to understand how these work together so that society is steered. The use of the term ‘governance’ helps to capture these additional aspects of government and governing where a multitude of actors interact in both formal and informal ways (for example, international relations, international political economy, global studies). The governance lens and the notion of ‘modes’ or ‘styles’ of governance is useful in helping us understand how political power is distributed and exercised and how policy problems are dealt with by it. And here the concept of governance is useful from a heuristic perspective as well, since it enables us to reduce the apparently chaotic reality of policy making by describing sets of state and societal relationships as different styles of governance which affect and direct policy making in specific ways.

Governance styles : Re-thinking governance and public policy

Policy studies have addressed many issues on the topic of policy change, generally following the ideas about policy composition set out by Hall and others. These typically view ‘significant’ policy change as related to alterations in the macro elements of policies, namely policy paradigms and governance preferences. These studies have also examined the roles of meso-level policy objectives and policy instrument preferences in these dynamics but see these as subsequent or subordinate to more macro-level changes. In contrast, the role of changes in policy specifications and tool calibrations at the micro-level of policies remain under-investigated and under-theorized despite growing recognition of their sometimes transformative role in policy dynamics. This paper re-examines foundational work on policy change in order to develop a clearer understanding of the content and significance of both calibrations and policy specifications. The significance of these insights is illustrated through a case study of recent healthcare policy reform efforts in South Korea after 1988 which highlights the role that micro-level policy changes played in shaping broader and deeper policy changes over the period. 

The role of tool calibrations and policy specifications in policy change: evidence from healthcare reform efforts in Korea 1990-2020

Post-Keynesianism in Canada in the 1990s: An Emerging Paradigm or a Hopeless Muddle?

Eco-toxicity profiles for commonly used disinfectants were lacking. Available traditional toxicity techniques have some limitations (assessments and ethical issues). Behaviour toxicology is a promising research area towards early warning and non-invasive approaches. We studied the potential eco-toxic effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the swimming behaviour of zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations (Treatment I, Treatment II, Treatment III, and Treatment IV) of NaOCl for 360 h. Recovery study (144 h) was conducted for NaOCl treatment groups. The swimming behaviour of zebrafish was quantified efficiently using an online monitoring system (OMS). OMS dataset was processed for determination of behavioural differences by MATLAB and SPSS. Compared to the control group, the swimming strength of zebrafish under NaOCl treatments declined significantly (p < 0.001). Avoidance behaviour has occurred on zebrafish under NaOCl exposure periods. Furthermore, NaOCl toxicity also adjusted circadian rhythms on zebrafish. Zebrafish swimming strength was significantly (p < 0.001) improved under-recovery periods. Moreover, normal diurnal patterns have occurred. NaOCl could cause behavioural abnormalities in non-target organisms. Continuous exposure to common disinfectants could cause external and internal stress on non-target organisms, resulting in behavioural changes and circadian rhythm adjustments. Continuous changes in behavioural and circadian rhythms might reduce organisms' fitness and adaptation capacity. This study highlights (1) the importance of computer-based toxicity assessments, and (2) swimming behaviour is an early warning biomarker for eco-toxicity studies. 

/pdf/assessment-of-eco-toxic-effects-of-commonly-used-water-2myq11u0.pdf

Assessment of eco-toxic effects of commonly used water disinfectant on zebrafish (Danio rerio) swimming behaviour and recovery responses: an early-warning biomarker approach

M. Ramesh

Papers

Governance styles : Re-thinking governance and public policy

The role of tool calibrations and policy specifications in policy change: evidence from healthcare reform efforts in Korea 1990-2020

Post-Keynesianism in Canada in the 1990s: An Emerging Paradigm or a Hopeless Muddle?

Assessment of eco-toxic effects of commonly used water disinfectant on zebrafish (Danio rerio) swimming behaviour and recovery responses: an early-warning biomarker approach

Social security in Singapore: The state and the changing social and political circumstances