The control of flow separation by periodic excitation

Nomenclature c = chord CD =drag coefficient, D/qA CL =lift coefficient, L/qa CP = pressure coefficient, P-PW /q CM = pitching-moment coefficient, M/qA D =drag, Ib k = reduced frequency, wc/2U L =lift, Ib M =Mach number; pitching moment, ft-lb P = pressure, lb/in q = dynamic pressure, 1 /2p U R, Re, Re, Rn = Reynolds number t time U,V = freestream velocity, ft/s x = distance a = angle of attack, deg f =nondimensional chord length, x/c $tr transition location co = rotational frequency, rad/s p = density, lb/ft A = sweep angle, deg

Progress in analysis and prediction of dynamic stall

The axial and radial velocity components w and u, and the concentration c of a Rhodamine 6G dye were measured simultaneously in a turbulent buoyant jet, using laser-Doppler anemometry combined with a recently developed laser-induced-fluorescence concentration measurement technique. These non-intrusive techniques enable measurements in a region of plume motion where conventional probe-based techniques have had difficulties. The results of the study show that the asymptotic decay laws for velocity and concentration of a tracer transported by the flow are verified experimentally in both jets and plumes. The momentum and volume fluxes and the mean dilution factor are determined in dimensionless form as a function of the normalized distance from the flow source. Contradictory results from earlier experimental plume investigations concerning the decay laws of w and c and the plume width ratio b_c/b_w are discussed. The turbulence properties and the transition from momentum-driven jets to buoyancy-driven plumes are presented. The turbulence is found to scale with the mean flow as predicted by dimensional analysis and self-similarity. Buoyancy-produced turbulence is found to transport twice as much tracer as jet turbulence. Although velocity statistics in jets and plumes are found to be highly self-similar there is a strong disparity in the distribution of tracer concentration in the two flows. This occurs in the time-average mean flows as well as the r.m.s. turbulent quantities. Instantaneous concentration fluctuations are found to exceed time averages by as much as a factor of 3. The experimental results should provide a reasonable basis for validation of computer models of axisymmetric plumes.

/pdf/investigations-of-round-vertical-turbulent-buoyant-jets-fts3lg6qh5.pdf

Investigations of round vertical turbulent buoyant jets

The characteristics of the unsteady boundary layer and stall events occurring on an oscillating NACA 0012 airfoil were investigated by using closely spaced multiple hot-film sensor arrays at . Aerodynamic forces and pitching moments, integrated from surface pressure measurements, and smoke-flow visualizations were also obtained to supplement the hot-film measurements. Special attention was focused on the behaviour of the spatial-temporal progression of the locations of the boundary-layer transition and separation, and reattachment and relaminarization points, compared to the static values, for a range of oscillation frequency and amplitude both prior to, during and after the stall. The initiation, growth and rearward convection of a leading-edge vortex, and the role of the laminar separation bubble leading to the dynamic stall, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the stall events observed at different test conditions were also characterized. The hot-film measurements were also correlated with the aerodynamic load and pitching moment results to quantify the values of lift increment and stall angle delay as a result of the observed boundary layer and stall events. The results reported here provide an insight into the detailed nature of the unsteady boundary-layer events as well as the stalling mechanisms at work at different stages in the dynamic-stall process.

Investigation of flow over an oscillating airfoil

The increasing need for thermal comfort has led to a rapid increase in the use of cooling systems and, consequently, electricity demand for air-conditioning systems in buildings. Heat-driven ejector refrigeration systems appear to be a promising alternative to the traditional compressor-based refrigeration technologies for energy consumption reduction. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on ejector refrigeration systems and working fluids. It deeply analyzes ejector technology and behavior, refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance and all of the ejector refrigeration technologies, with a focus on past, present and future trends. The review is structured in four parts. In the first part, ejector technology is described. In the second part, a detailed description of the refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance is presented. In the third part, a review focused on the main jet refrigeration cycles is proposed, and the ejector refrigeration systems are reported and categorized. Finally, an overview over all ejector technologies, the relationship among the working fluids and the ejector performance, with a focus on past, present and future trends, is presented.

https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/984261/1/2016_RSER_BesagniMereuInzoli.pdf

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Reattachment studies of an oscillating airfoil dynamic stall flow field

A0 wavelength of the laser p density Detailed interferometric measurements of the flow Po density at atmospheric conditions near the leading edge of an oscillating airfoil offer Pr density at reference conditions the first detailed experimental quantification of the 0 phase angle of oscillation locally compressible flow field that surrounds an osW circular frequency, radians/sec cillating airfoil at moderate subsonic Mach numbers. Interferograms obtained zby a specially adapted real

A quantitative study of unsteady compressible flow on an oscillatingairfoil

This study reports control of compressible dynamic stall through management of its unsteady vorticity using a variable droop leading edge (VDLE) airfoil. Through dynamic adaptation of the airfoil edge incidence, the formation of a dynamic stall vortex was virtually eliminated for Mach numbers of up to 0.4. Consequently, the leading edge vorticity flux was redistributed enabling retention of the dynamic lift. Of even greater importance was the fact that the drag and pitching moment coefficients were reduced by nearly 50%. The camber variations introduced when the leading edge was drooped are explained to be the source of this benefit. Analysis of the peak vorticity flux levels allowed the determination of minimum necessary airfoil adaptation schedule.

Compressible dynamic stall vorticity flux control using a dynamic camber airfoil

The importance of transition modeling in the computation of compressible, unsteady separated flows is discussed. The study showed that it is critical to predict the experimentally attained transition point properly in order to obtain good agreement with data it the same Mach number and Reynolds number.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20020042342/downloads/20020042342.pdf

The Effect of Transition Modeling on the Prediction of Compressible Deep Dynamic Stall

Compressible dynamic stall flow over an NACA 0012 airfoil undergoing large amplitude pitching oscillations (o= 10°+10° sin cot) at a freestream Mach number of 0.3 and a Reynolds number of 1.1 x 10 6 has been computed by incorporating the transition physics that are an integral part of the compressible dynamic stall process. The computed results have been compared with interferogram-generated pressure distributions for a range of angles to validate the model. The resulting model has been applied in a preliminary study of the flow over a dynamically deforming leading edge (DDLE) airfoil. The DDLE airfoil is being used in a separate study as a novel concept for controlling dynamic stall for a variety of flow conditions. The fundamental fluid physical aspects of the flow are discussed along with the observed influence of transition modeling on the proper representation of the airfoil flow.

M. S. Chandrasekhara

Papers

Reattachment studies of an oscillating airfoil dynamic stall flow field

A quantitative study of unsteady compressible flow on an oscillatingairfoil

Compressible dynamic stall vorticity flux control using a dynamic camber airfoil

The Effect of Transition Modeling on the Prediction of Compressible Deep Dynamic Stall

Compressible Dynamic Stall Calculations Incorporating Transition Modeling for Variable Geometry Airfoils