The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred from protein to either protein or nucleic acid.

/pdf/central-dogma-of-molecular-biology-1sz0yaiwlh.pdf

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

In the few years since its initial application, massively parallel cDNA sequencing, or RNA-seq, has allowed many advances in the characterization and quantification of transcriptomes. Recently, several developments in RNA-seq methods have provided an even more complete characterization of RNA transcripts. These developments include improvements in transcription start site mapping, strand-specific measurements, gene fusion detection, small RNA characterization and detection of alternative splicing events. Ongoing developments promise further advances in the application of RNA-seq, particularly direct RNA sequencing and approaches that allow RNA quantification from very small amounts of cellular materials.

/pdf/rna-sequencing-advances-challenges-and-opportunities-1ghrvjoiwy.pdf

RNA sequencing: advances, challenges and opportunities

[11] DNA-cellulose chromatography

The world of animal viruses appears to offer
an unfathomable diversity of specimens but, as
the molecular biology of the replication of many
viruses has been studied, a pattern of behavior
has emerged. The viruses can be divided into
classes, each of which has its own method of
transmitting its genetic information from one
generation to the next and its own style of expressing
its genetic information. Although in
some cases the data are still fragmentary it is
possible to outline the behavior of these systems
and to place them in a formal scheme. In this
paper I will present such a scheme and I will
discuss in some detail the behavior of three viral
systems which have been investigated in my
laboratory. Furthermore, I will discuss some of
the implications of the existence of these viral
systems in the context of the behavior of normal
cells.

Expression of Animal Virus Genomes

1 Separation of Tumor Cells from Fibroblasts.- 2 Development of Media for Isolation and Cultivation of Human Cancer Cells.- 3 New Approaches to the Cultivation of Human Breast Carcinomas.- 4 Old and New Problems in Human Tumor Cell Cultivation.- 5 New Human Tumor Cell Lines.- 6 Human Brain Tumor Cells in Matrix Culture.- 7 Neoplastic Human Glia Cells in Culture.- 8 Current Research with Organ Cultures of Human Tumors.- 9 Metabolic Gradients in Tissue Culture Studies of Human Cancer Cells.- 10 Human Lung Cancer in Tissue Culture.- 11 Cell Lines from Humans with Hematopoietic Malignancies.- 12 Cytological Characterization of Human Tumor Cells from Monolayer Cultures.- 13 Chromosome Abnormalities in Human Tumor Cells in Culture.- 14 Ultrastructural Characteristics of Human Tumor Cells in Vitro.- 15 The Strategy of a Search for Viral Involvement in Human Cancer.- 16 Helper Activity for the Defective Friend Leukemia Virus in Human Malignant Cell Cultures.

Human tumor cells in vitro

Several RNA tumour viruses contain an enzyme that synthesizes a DNA–RNA hybrid using the single stranded viral RNA as template. Hybridization experiments confirm that the DNA strand is complementary to the viral RNA.

Characterization of the products of DNA-directed DNA polymerases in oncogenic RNA viruses.

Six RNA viruses have now been shown to contain DNA polymerase activities directed by single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA and double-stranded DNA. It is further demonstrated that DNA–RNA hybrids, such as synthetic dC.rG, act as even more effective templates.

/pdf/synthetic-dna-rna-hybrids-and-rna-rna-duplexes-as-templates-1qrv7xusz1.pdf

Synthetic DNA-RNA hybrids and RNA-RNA duplexes as templates for the polymerases of the oncogenic RNA viruses.

Besides having RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, oncogenic RNA viruses possess a DNA-directed DNA polymerase which is distinguished from previously described enzymes of this type in preferring double-stranded DNA as template and yielding a principally double-stranded product.

/pdf/dna-directed-dna-polymerase-activity-in-oncogenic-rna-4lav3mz601.pdf

M. Travnicek

Papers

Characterization of the products of DNA-directed DNA polymerases in oncogenic RNA viruses.

Synthetic DNA-RNA hybrids and RNA-RNA duplexes as templates for the polymerases of the oncogenic RNA viruses.

DNA-directed DNA Polymerase Activity in Oncogenic RNA Viruses