Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry 39. High-tech and micropropagation V.

A protocol has been standardized for sterilization of nodal segments and seeds of Aconitum heterophyllum for its micropropagation intended for its mass propagation and conservation. Three sterilizing agents viz. , HgCl 2, NaOCl and H 2O2 were tested for sterilization by varying their conce ntration and time of exposure. 100% healthy shoots were obtained when explants were steriliz ed with 0.1% HgCl 2 for 5 minutes, inoculated on MS basal media with appropriate hormones and observing them for 30 days, while at 7.5% concentration of H2O2, 5 minutes exposure provided 90% of aseptic seed germination. Results showed that out of three sterilizing agents HgCl 2 was significantly reducing the contamination of explants and H 2O2 of seeds in in-vitro , which shows that requirement of sterilization, may vary with the type tissue used for m icropropagation. (Academia Arena, 2010;2(6):37-42) (ISSN 1553-992X).

http://www.sciencepub.net/academia/aa0206/06_2538_aa0206_37_42.pdf

Standardization of Sterilization Protocol for Micro propagation of Aconitum heterophyllum- An Endangered Medicinal Herb

To evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among subtribe Pyrinae of Rosaceae, 50 different genotypes and cultivars of pome fruit trees were collected from various locations in Iran, and analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Altogether, 85 polymorphic fragments were produced by 11 random 10-mer primers. The number of produced bands varied from 4 to 12 for each primer, 7.72 on average. The lowest Jaccard's genetic similarity coefficient was scored between apple cv. ‘Akan’ and a wild Pyrus syriaca pear (0.04), and the highest similarity was observed between two genotypes of P. syriaca (0.97). Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) properly separated the accessions and divided them into three major groups, including Malus, Pyrus, Mespilus and Crataegus. Members of Mespilus and Crataegus were further separated and formed two subgroups. Analysis of the genetic structure, using STRUCTURE and phylogenetic relationship using TreeView ...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13102818.2016.1276414

Phylogenetic analysis among some pome fruit trees of Rosaceae family using RAPD markers.

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to enhance rosmarinic acid level in plants, grown in vitro, of 2 species of Mentha in presence of 2 precursors in the nutrient media during culture. For in vitro culture establishment and shoot bud multiplication, MS basal media were used supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of different growth regulator like NAA (alpha-napthaleneacetic acid), BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). The medium containing NAA (0.25 mg/L) and BAP (2.5 mg/L) gave the highest potentiality of shoot formation (average 58.0 numbers of shoots) per explant for Mentha piperita L. and the medium containing BAP (2.0 mg/L) gave the highest potentiality of shoot (average 19.2 numbers of shoots) formation per explant for Mentha arvensis L. The complete plants were regenerated in above mentioned media after 8 weeks of subculture. For in vitro enhancement of rosmarinic acid production, the 2 precursors tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) were added in the nutrient media at different levels (0.5 mg/L to 15.0 mg/L). Tyrosine was found to be very effective for augmenting rosmarinic acid content in Mentha piperita L. It nearly increased the production up to 1.77 times. In case of Mentha arvensis L., phenylalanine significantly affected the production of rosmarinic acid and the production was nearly 2.03 times more than the control. No significant increase in biomass was observed after addition of these precursors indicating that the added amino acids acting as precursors for rosmarinic acid synthesis were readily utilized in producing rosmarinic acid without promoting growth. Total protein profile also revealed the presence of a specific band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/14943/1/IJEB%2050%2811%29%20817-825.pdf

Enhanced rosmarinic acid production in cultured plants of two species of Mentha

Chromosome and Marker-Based Genome Analysis of Different Species of Asparagus

An efficient protocol has been developed for plant regeneration in Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop cv Sprengeri (Asparagaceae) through somatic embryogenesis from spear sections. Callus culture was initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium formulation containing α-naphthaleneacetic acid (5.37 μM), indole-3-acetic acid (5.71 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (2.22 μM). The callus became embryogenic by transferring to 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4.52 μM) containing MS medium. Somatic embryos developed and matured vigorously on MS medium with NAA (1.07 μM), 6-γ-γ- dimethylaminopurine (9.84 μM) and abscisic acid (1.89 μM). Mature bipolar embryos were converted efficiently into plants on MS medium in the presence of low level of kinetin (2.32 μM). Regenerated plants showed 80% survival after transfer to field. These plants were all diploid (2n=60). Peroxidase activity was maximum in the embryogenic callus as documented from the gel as well as spectrophotometric analysis.

Somatic Embryogenesis in Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop cv Sprengeri

An attempt has been made to enhance colchicine biosynthesis in Iphigenia indica L grown in vitro by exogenous supply of precursors and elicitors during culture. Addition of tyrosine at 30 mg l−1 enhanced colchicine accumulation up to 6.1 mg g−1 dry wt (control 0.99 mg g−1 dry wt), while 25 μM NiSO4 stimulated maximum colchicine accumulation (10.25 fold of control value). The colchicine accumulation was recorded as 16.25 mg g−1 dry wt when NiSO4 was added with tyrosine.

A Biotechnological Approach for Enhancement of Colchicine Accumulation in Iphigenia indica Kunth

Background: In the present study, an attempt has been taken to evaluate phylogenetic relationship among six different species of Asparagus by utilizing 20 RAPD, 6 ISSR and 2 isozyme markers. The species of Asparagus of Asparagaceae (formerly Liliaceae) are important as ornamental, vegetable and medicinal plants. Result and conclusion: Generated RAPD and ISSR fragments showed high variance among species and population level. The UPGMA cluster analysis and Squared Euclidean matrix prepared from RAPD, ISSR and isozyme data revealed a distinct relationship between these different species of Asparagus.

Phylogenetic relationship among six economically important species of Asparagus utilizing RAPD, ISSR and isozyme polymorphism

High Frequency in vitro Propagation Through Somatic Embryogenesis of Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth, an Endangered Medicinal and Colchicines Yielding Herb of Commercial Interest

Madhumita J. Mukhopadhyay

Papers

Somatic Embryogenesis in Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop cv Sprengeri

A Biotechnological Approach for Enhancement of Colchicine Accumulation in Iphigenia indica Kunth

Phylogenetic relationship among six economically important species of Asparagus utilizing RAPD, ISSR and isozyme polymorphism

High Frequency in vitro Propagation Through Somatic Embryogenesis of Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth, an Endangered Medicinal and Colchicines Yielding Herb of Commercial Interest