https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/126683921/Edited_sudagar_R1.pdf

Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – A critical review

Metal interconnects, contacts, and electrodes are indispensable elements for most applications of flexible, stretchable, and wearable electronics. Current fabrication methods for these metal conductors are mainly based on conventional microfabrication procedures that have been migrated from Si semiconductor industries, which face significant challenges for organic-based compliant substrates. This Research News highlights a recently developed full-solution processing strategy, polymer-assisted metal deposition (PAMD), which is particularly suitable for the roll-to-roll, low-cost fabrication of high-performance compliant metal conductors (Cu, Ni, Ag, and Au) on a wide variety of organic substrates including plastics, elastomers, papers, and textiles. This paper presents i) the principles of PAMD, and how to use it for making ii) flexible, stretchable, and wearable conductive metal electrodes, iii) patterned metal interconnects, and d) 3D stretchable and compressible metal sponges. A critical perspective on this emerging strategy is also provided.

Polymer-Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD): A Full-Solution Strategy for Flexible, Stretchable, Compressible, and Wearable Metal Conductors

Herein, we present an innovative approach for transforming commonly available cellulose paper into a flexible and catalytic current collector for overall water splitting. A solution processed soak-and-coat method of electroless plating was used to render a piece of paper conducting by conformably depositing metallic nickel nanoparticles, while still retaining the open macroporous framework. Proof-of-concept paper-electrodes are realized by modifying nickel-paper current collector with model electrocatalysts nickel-iron oxyhydroxide and nickel-molybdenum bimetallic alloy through electrodeposition route. The paper-electrodes demonstrate exceptional activities towards oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, requiring overpotentials of 240 and 32 mV at 50 and −10 mA cm−2, respectively, even as they endure extreme mechanical stress. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by fabricating similar electrodes on cotton fabric, which also show high activity. Finally, a two-electrode paper-electrolyzer is constructed which can split water with an efficiency of 98.01%, and exhibits robust stability for more than 200 h. Water electrolysis provides a means to convert water into carbon-neutral fuels, but current devices are typically heavy, inflexible, or require costly substrates. Here, the authors transform paper and cotton fabrics into efficient, durable, and flexible supports for water-splitting electrocatalysts.

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Value added transformation of ubiquitous substrates into highly efficient and flexible electrodes for water splitting.

Electroless plating of copper on surface-modified glass substrate

Synthesis and characterization of novel Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes of 5-{[(2-Hydroxyethyl) sulfanyl] methyl}-8-hydroxyquinoline as effective acid corrosion inhibitor by experimental and computational testings

We demonstrate a simple route to depositing nickel layer patterns using photocross-linked polymer thin films containing palladium catalysts, which can be used as adhesive interlayers for fabrication of nickel patterns on glass and plastic substrates. Electroless nickel patterns can be obtained in three steps: (i) the pattern formation of partially quaterized poly(vinyl pyridine) by UV irradiation, (ii) the formation of macromolecular metal complex with palladium, and (iii) the nickel metallization using electroless plating bath. Metallization is site-selective and allows for a high resolution. And the resulting nickel layered structure shows good adhesion with glass and plastic substrates. The direct patterning of metallic layers onto insulating substrates indicates a great potential for fabricating micro/nano devices.

Site-selective electroless nickel plating on patterned thin films of macromolecular metal complexes

Organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells are a suitable model for preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface treatment method which efficiently forms a soldering area with high solder wettability and a non-soldering area with low or no solder wettability, manufacturing methods of an electronic component and a connector pin, and an electronic component. SOLUTION: In manufacturing the connector pin 1, a gold-plating layer 12 is formed on the surface of a nickel-plating ground layer 11, and a prescribed area is irradiated with a laser. This results in partial removal of the gold-plating layer 12 in the laser-irradiated area and formation of the non-soldering area 3 comprising a mixed layer 13 wherein gold and nickel are dispersed. Meanwhile, in other areas not irradiated with the laser, the gold-plating layer 12 remains intact to form the soldering area 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Surface treatment method, manufacturing methods of electronic component and connector pin, and electronic component

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for surface treatment for efficiently forming a high solder wettability region, in which solder wettability is high and a low solder wettability area in which solder wettability is low or solder does not become wet, and to provide a manufacturing method of an electronic component. SOLUTION: In the case of forming a terminal 3 of a mount boarding 1, a gold-plated layer 13 is formed on the surface of a nickel-plated layer 12, and a prescribed area is irradiated with laser beams. As a result, in the area irradiated with the laser beams, a part of the gold-plated layer 13 is removed, and gold and nickel spread from each other to form a low solder wettability region 320 composed of a mixed layer 15 of nickel and gold. In a region which is not irradiated with the laser beams, high solder wettability areas 310, 330 where the gold plating layer 13 remains as it is are formed. When irradiating laser beams like this, an air stream is generated on the surface of the mount board 1 to prevent the re-sticking of melted and evaporated foreign matters. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Method for surface treatment, and manufacturing method of electronic component

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various regulatory molecules and mediate intercellular communications. Although EVs are secreted from various cell types, including skeletal muscle cells, and are present in the blood, their identity is poorly characterized in vivo, limiting the identification of their origin in the blood. Since skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, it could substantially contribute to circulating EVs as their source. However, due to the lack of defined markers that distinguish skeletal muscle-derived EVs (SkM-EVs) from others, whether skeletal muscle releases EVs in vivo and how much SkM-EVs account for plasma EVs remain poorly understood. In this work, we perform quantitative proteomic analyses on EVs released from C2C12 cells and human iPS cell-derived myocytes and identify potential marker proteins that mark SkM-EVs. These markers we identified apply to in vivo tracking of SkM-EVs. The results show that skeletal muscle makes only a subtle contribution to plasma EVs as their source in both control and exercise conditions in mice. On the other hand, we demonstrate that SkM-EVs are concentrated in the skeletal muscle interstitium. Furthermore, we show that interstitium EVs are highly enriched with the muscle-specific miRNAs and repress the expression of the paired box transcription factor Pax7, a master regulator for myogenesis. Taken together, our findings confirm previous studies showing that skeletal muscle cells release exosome-like EVs with specific protein and miRNA profiles in vivo and suggest that SkM-EVs mainly play a role within the muscle microenvironment where they accumulate.

Makoto Noguchi

Papers

Site-selective electroless nickel plating on patterned thin films of macromolecular metal complexes

Organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells are a suitable model for preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies

Surface treatment method, manufacturing methods of electronic component and connector pin, and electronic component

Method for surface treatment, and manufacturing method of electronic component

Skeletal muscle releases extracellular vesicles with distinct protein and microRNA signatures that function in the muscle microenvironment