A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

We first provide an overview of 3-D shape measurement us- ing various optical methods. Then we focus on structured light tech- niques where various optical configurations, image acquisition tech- niques, data postprocessing and analysis methods and advantages and limitations are presented. Several industrial application examples are presented. Important areas requiring further R&D are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive bibliography on 3-D shape measurement is included, although it is not intended to be exhaustive. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)00101-X)

Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods

Course Description This is an advanced course in which we explore the field of Statistical Optics. Topics covered include such subjects as the statistical properties of natural (thermal) and laser light, spatial and temporal coherence, effects of partial coherence on optical imaging instruments, effects on imaging due to randomly inhomogeneous media, and a statistical treatment of the detection of light. Development of this more comprehensive model of the behavior of light draws upon the use of tools traditionally available to the electrical engineer, such as linear system theory and the theory of stochastic processes.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/3/23094/01073023.pdf

Statistical optics

A self-scanned 1024 element photodiode array and minicomputer are used to measure the phase (wavefront) in the interference pattern of an interferometer to lambda/100. The photodiode array samples intensities over a 32 x 32 matrix in the interference pattern as the length of the reference arm is varied piezoelectrically. Using these data the minicomputer synchronously detects the phase at each of the 1024 points by a Fourier series method and displays the wavefront in contour and perspective plot on a storage oscilloscope in less than 1 min (Bruning et al. Paper WE16, OSA Annual Meeting, Oct. 1972). The array of intensities is sampled and averaged many times in a random fashion so that the effects of air turbulence, vibrations, and thermal drifts are minimized. Very significant is the fact that wavefront errors in the interferometer are easily determined and may be automatically subtracted from current or subsequent wavefrots. Various programs supporting the measurement system include software for determining the aperture boundary, sum and difference of wavefronts, removal or insertion of tilt and focus errors, and routines for spatial manipulation of wavefronts. FFT programs transform wavefront data into point spread function and modulus and phase of the optical transfer function of lenses. Display programs plot these functions in contour and perspective. The system has been designed to optimize the collection of data to give higher than usual accuracy in measuring the individual elements and final performance of assembled diffraction limited optical systems, and furthermore, the short loop time of a few minutes makes the system an attractive alternative to constraints imposed by test glasses in the optical shop.

Digital wavefront measuring interferometer for testing optical surfaces and lenses

Thermophysical Properties Research Literature Retrieval Guide Edited by Y. S. Touloukian, J. K. Gerritsen and N. Y. Moore Second edition, revised and expanded. Book 1: Pp. xxi + 819. Book 2: Pp.621. Book 3: Pp. ix + 1315. (New York: Plenum Press, 1967.) n.p.

/pdf/heat-and-mass-transfer-1yaijfx8vp.pdf

Heat and Mass Transfer

The architecture of a multipurpose fringe pattern analysis system

The system of retrieving the phase from a single interferogram with carrier frequency based on 2-D Fourier transform method is presented. Several procedures to modify an interferogram and its spectrum in order to reduce the phase errors and detect the object domain are described. The effects of refinements introduced are shown on experimental data.

Fringe Pattern Analysis Using Fourier Transform Techniques

In this paper we present a simple method of manufacturing micrometer-sized polymer elements at the extremity of both
single mode and multimode optical fibers and its possible modifications in order to provide requested functionalities. We
show that the knowledge about 3D distribution of refractive index and birefringence in these elements is required and
that interferometric and elastooptics tomography are the methods which provide these data. Exemplary polymer
microtips manufactured from the polymeric material with different concentration of heptafluorobutyric acid are
investigated in tomographic systems and the obtained results are discussed in reference to the theoretically expected
refractive index distributions.

Interferometric and tomographic investigations of polymer microtips fabricated at the extremity of optical fibers

In this paper we present a single SLM color holographic 3D display with spatial only multiplexing method. SLM is illuminated simultaneously with three beams. A color (RGB) filter mask placed in front of the SLM surface distributes illuminating beams accordingly to component holograms. After propagation modulated wavefronts overlap in space and create a real color 3D image. The display works with native SLM frame rate, but with the cost of spatial bandwidth product reduction. In the paper we present the method capabilities and discuss its limitations. Finally, we present the display implementation and resulting color holographic reconstruction of computer generated 3D object. Full Text: PDF References T. Kozacki, G. Finke, P. Garbat, W. Zaperty, M. Kujawinska, "Wide angle holographic display system with spatiotemporal multiplexing", Opt. Express 20, 27473-27481 (2012) CrossRef F. Yaras, H. Kang, L. Onural, "Real-time phase-only color holographic video display system using LED illumination", Appl. Opt. 48, p.48-53 (2009) CrossRef T. Shimobaba, A. Shiraki, N. Masuda, T. Ito, "An electroholographic color reconstruction by time division switching of reference lights", J. Opt. A, v. 9, p. 757-760 (2007) CrossRef H. Sasaki, K. Yamamoto, Y. Ichihashi, T. Senoh, "Image Size Scalable Full-parallax Coloured Three-dimensional Video by Electronic Holography", Scientific Reports, 4, pp.1-6 (2014) CrossRef M. Makowski et al., "Simple holographic projection in color", Opt. Express 20, 25130-25136 (2012) CrossRef M. Makowski et al., "Extremely simple holographic projection of color images", Proc. of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8280, art. no. 82800V (2012) CrossRef W. Zaperty, T. Kozacki, M. Kujawinska, "Color holographic 3D display unit with aperture field division", International Conference of 3D Displays and Systems, Korea (2014) DirectLink T. Kozacki, "On resolution and viewing of holographic image generated by 3D holographic display", Opt. Express 18, 27118-27129 (2010) CrossRef A. Lizana, et al., "Wavelength dependence of polarimetric and phase-shift characterization of liquid crystal on silicon display", J. Europ. Opt. Soc.Rap. Public, (3), 08012 (2008) CrossRef M. Kujawinska et al., "Multiwavefront digital holographic television", Opt. Express 22, 2324-2336 (2014) CrossRef M. Kujawinska, et al., Generation of holographic content based on coherent and noncoherent capture (International Conference of 3D Displays and Systems, Korea, 2014) DirectLink

/pdf/native-frame-rate-single-slm-color-holographic-3d-display-kv88j8pj4y.pdf

Native frame rate single SLM color holographic 3D display

The case of diffraction tomography with limited angle of projections is discussed from the algorithmic and experimental points of view. To reconstruct a three-dimensional distribution of refractive index of a micro-object under study, we use a hybrid approach based on the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) enhanced by a compressed sensing reconstruction technique. It enables us to apply the standard computed tomography algorithms (which assume that the rays are traveling in straight lines through the object) for phase data obtained by means of digital holography. We present the results of analysis of a phantom and real objects obtained by applying SART with anisotropic total variation (ATV) minimization. The real data are acquired from an experimental setup based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration. Also, it is proven that in the case of simulated data, the limited number of projections captured in a limited angular range can be compensated by a higher number of iterations of the algorithm. We also show that the SART + ATV method applied for experimental data gives better results than the data replenishment algorithm.

Malgorzata Kujawinska

Papers

The architecture of a multipurpose fringe pattern analysis system

Fringe Pattern Analysis Using Fourier Transform Techniques

Interferometric and tomographic investigations of polymer microtips fabricated at the extremity of optical fibers

Native frame rate single SLM color holographic 3D display

Limited-angle hybrid optical diffraction tomography system with total-variation-minimization-based reconstruction