The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

The measurement of meaning

This study reports results of a meta-analysis linking traits from the 5-factor model of personality to overall job satisfaction. Using the model as an organizing framework, 334 correlations from 163 independent samples were classified according to the model. The estimated true score correlations with job satisfaction were .29 for Neuroticism, .25 for Extraversion, .02 for Openness to Experience, .17 for Agreeableness, and .26 for Conscientiousness. Results further indicated that only the relations of Neuroticism and Extraversion with job satisfaction generalized across studies. As a set, the Big Five traits had a multiple correlation of .41 with job satisfaction, indicating support for the validity of the dispositional source of job satisfaction when traits are organized according to the 5-factor model. Research on the dispositional source of job satisfaction has had a spotty history in job satisfaction research. The personological basis of job satisfaction was considered in the earliest treatments of job satisfaction. Hoppock (1935), for example, noted a strong correlation between workers’ emotional adjustment and their levels of job satisfaction. Similarly, Fisher and Hanna (1931) concluded that a large part of dissatisfaction resulted from emotional maladjustment. With some noteworthy exceptions (P. C. Smith, 1955; Weitz, 1952), these early considerations of the dispositional source of job satisfaction lay dormant until the 1980s, when a series of provocative studies (Arvey, Bouchard, Segal, & Abra

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Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: a meta-analysis.

Understanding subjective well-being (SWB) has historically been a core human endeavor and presently spans fields from management to mental health. Previous meta-analyses have indicated that personality traits are one of the best predictors. Still, these past results indicate only a moderate relationship, weaker than suggested by several lines of reasoning. This may be because of commensurability, where researchers have grouped together substantively disparate measures in their analyses. In this article, the authors review and address this problem directly, focusing on individual measures of personality (e.g., the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) and categories of SWB (e.g., life satisfaction). In addition, the authors take a multivariate approach, assessing how much variance personality traits account for individually as well as together. Results indicate that different personality and SWB scales can be substantively different and that the relationship between the two is typically much larger (e.g., 4 times) than previous meta-analyses have indicated. Total SWB variance accounted for by personality can reach as high as 39% or 63% disattenuated. These results also speak to meta-analyses in general and the need to account for scale differences once a sufficient research base has been generated.

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Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being.

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Handbook Of Psychological Testing

In this study psychological type theory was employed to profile samples of 2,135 women and 1,169 men in the context of Anglican church services in England in order to establish how representative churchgoers are of the wider population and how compatible churchgoers are with their clergy. The women displayed preferences for sensing (82 %), feeling (70 %), and judging (85 %), with a balance between extraversion (51 %) and introversion (49 %). The men displayed preferences for introversion (62 %), sensing (78 %), thinking (58 %), and judging (86 %). These characteristics are compared with the United Kingdom population norms to establish the distinctiveness of Anglican churchgoers and compared with previously published data on Anglican clergy to establish the points of similarity, differences and potential tension between Anglican clergy and laity.

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The psychological type profile of Anglican churchgoers in England : compatible or incompatible with their clergy?

93 A the concept of ‘education for global citizenship’ is being used with increasing frequency and confidence both in the literature and in public debate (see, for example, Qualifications, Curriculum and Assessment Authority for Wales, 2002) the concept itself remains quite fluid and inclusive, drawing on diverse roots in the world studies movement, citizenship education, notions of global citizenship, and programmes of personal, social and moral education. Historically, education for global citizenship in the United Kingdom was stimulated in the 1970s and 1980s by the world studies movement as reflected in the work of Richardson (1976) and Fisher and Hicks (1985). Fisher and Hicks (1985, p. 8) defined world studies as ‘studies which promote the knowledge, attitudes and skills that are relevant to living responsibly in a multi-cultural and interdependent world’. Their notion of world studies included studying cultures and countries other than one’s own (and the ways in which they are different from and similar to one’s own), major issues which face different countries and cultures (for example, those to do with peace and conflict, development, human rights and the environment), and the ways in which everyday life and experience affect, and are affected by, the wider world. In the first major evaluation of world studies, conducted among over 200 teachers, Steiner (1992) found that teachers were quite selective regarding the aspects of the world studies curriculum which they included in their classroom practice. They were happy to incorporate teaching relating to the environment or to other cultures, but tended to ignore more complex global issues. Steiner (1992, p. 9) concluded that:

Attitudes toward Education for Global Citizenship among Trainee Teachers

Un echantillon de 6,680 membres du clerge d'Australie, d'Angleterre et de Nouvelle Zelande s'est vu administrer deux indicateurs de la sante psychologique relative au travail, a savoir l'echelle d'epuisementemotionnel dans l'exercice du ministere (affect negatif) et l'echelle de satisfaction dans l'exercice du ministere (affect positif), ainsi que la forme abregee et revise du questionnaire de personnalite d'Eysenck. Les donnees confirment la fiabilite de consistance interne des deux indicateurs de la sante psychologique liee au travail et demontrent la puissance du modele dimensionnel de la personnalite d'Eysenck pour predire ceux qui, parmi les membres du clerge, se situent tres probablement a des niveaux eleves d'epuisement emotionnel et ceux destines a des niveaux bas de satisfaction dans le ministere exerce. Ces resultas suggerent qu'une evaluation courante de la personnalite peut etre utilisee pour identifier les membres du clerge les plus vulnerables aux elements stressants du ministere dans un monde qui change rapidement et pour promouvoir chez eux une meilleure sante psychologique liee a leur travail.

Happy but exhausted? Work-related psychological health among clergy

The Santosh–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Hinduism has been designed to facilitate research concerning the psychological correlates of religiosity among young people growing up within the Hindu tradition, and in a way that allows findings from such research to be compared with similar studies conducted within other religious traditions using the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity, the Katz–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Judaism, and the Sahin–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Islam. Data provided by 330 individuals between the ages of 12 and 35 attending a Hindu youth festival support the reliability and validity of this instrument and commend it for further use in studies conducted within the Hindu community.

Assessing attitude toward Hinduism: The Santosh–Francis Scale

A sample of 203 male Hebrew speaking undergraduate students completed the Hebrew translation of the Oxford Happiness Inventory together with the Katz–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Judaism and the short form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrate that Eysenck's dimensional model of personality provides significant prediction of individual differences in both attitude toward Judaism and happiness. After taking personality into account there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between religiosity and happiness.

Mandy Robbins

Papers

The psychological type profile of Anglican churchgoers in England : compatible or incompatible with their clergy?

Attitudes toward Education for Global Citizenship among Trainee Teachers

Happy but exhausted? Work-related psychological health among clergy

Assessing attitude toward Hinduism: The Santosh–Francis Scale

Religiosity, Personality, and Happiness: A Study among Israeli Male Undergraduates