다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

To say that this is the best book on the quantum theory of fields is no praise, since to my knowledge it is the only book on this subject But it is a very good and most useful book The original was written in German and appeared in 1942 This is a translation with some minor changes A few remarks have been added, concerning meson theory and nuclear forces, also footnotes referring to modern work in this field, and finally an appendix on the symmetrization of the energy momentum tensor according to Belinfante Quantum Theory of Fields Prof Gregor Wentzel Translated from the German by Charlotte Houtermans and J M Jauch Pp ix + 224, (New York and London: Interscience Publishers, Inc, 1949) 36s

Quantum Theory of Fields

We give a general introduction to quantum phase transitions in strongly-correlated electron systems. These transitions which occur at zero temperature when a non-thermal parameter $g$ like pressure, chemical composition or magnetic field is tuned to a critical value are characterized by a dynamic exponent $z$ related to the energy and length scales $\Delta$ and $\xi$. Simple arguments based on an expansion to first order in the effective interaction allow to define an upper-critical dimension $D_{C}=4$ (where $D=d+z$ and $d$ is the spatial dimension) below which mean-field description is no longer valid. We emphasize the role of pertubative renormalization group (RG) approaches and self-consistent renormalized spin fluctuation (SCR-SF) theories to understand the quantum-classical crossover in the vicinity of the quantum critical point with generalization to the Kondo effect in heavy-fermion systems. Finally we quote some recent inelastic neutron scattering experiments performed on heavy-fermions which lead to unusual scaling law in $\omega /T$ for the dynamical spin susceptibility revealing critical local modes beyond the itinerant magnetism scheme and mention new attempts to describe this local quantum critical point.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0102119.pdf

Quantum Phase Transitions

The authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After a general overview, they provide a pedagogical introduction to semiclassical methods in quantum mechanics and field theory. The main part of the review summarizes our understanding of the instanton liquid in QCD and the role of instantons in generating the spectrum of light hadrons. The authors also discuss properties of instantons at finite temperature and how instantons can provide a mechanism for the chiral phase transition. They give an overview of the role of instantons in some other models, in particular low-dimensional sigma models, electroweak theory, and supersymmetric QCD.

http://wonka.physics.ncsu.edu/~tmschaef/physics/RevModPhys_Instantons.pdf

Instantons in QCD

The hidden-charm pentaquark and tetraquark states

From the interpretation of the $\Theta^+$ baryon resonance as an excitation of the ``skyrmion liquid'' with SU(3) flavor symmetry $\bar{10}$ we deduce a new series of baryons, $\Theta_1^{++}$, $\Theta_1^{+}$ and $\Theta_1^0$, situated at the top of the 27-plet of SU(3) flavor, with hypercharge Y=2, isospin T=1 and spin $J=\frac32$. The mass of $\Theta_1$ is estimated 55 MeV/c^2 higher then the mass of $\Theta^+$ and its width at 80 MeV. We also discuss the other baryons from the 27-plet.

New Family of Exotic $\Theta$-Baryons

The center vortex model of the QCD vacuum is very successful in explaining the non-perturbative properties of QCD, especially confinement, chiral symmetry breaking and the topological charge of vacuum configurations. On the other hand, the center vortex model still suffers from a Gribov problem: Direct maximal center gauge and center projection can lead to an underestimation of the string tension in smooth configurations or after persistent simulated annealing. We discuss methods to identify center regions, whose boundaries evaluate to center elements, and want to improve the vortex detection: these regions might help to recognize vortices in configurations where maximal center gauge lost the vortex finding property.

/pdf/the-road-to-solving-the-gribov-problem-of-the-center-vortex-1xxhsf7h97.pdf

The Road to Solving the Gribov Problem of the Center Vortex Model in Quantum Chromodynamics

Flux tubes and their interaction in U(1) lattice gauge theory

We analyze the creation of near-zero modes from would-be zero modes of various topological charge contributions from classical center vortices in SU(2) lattice gauge theory. We show that colorful spherical vortex and instanton configurations have very similar Dirac eigenmodes and also vortex intersections are able to give rise to a finite density of near-zero modes, leading to chiral symmetry breaking via the Banks-Casher formula. We discuss the influence of the magnetic vortex fluxes on quarks and how center vortices may break chiral symmetry.

Chiral Symmetry Breaking from Center Vortices

Within the lattice approximation to QCD we investigate static color sources in various SU(3)-multiplet representations and study their behavior at the phase transition of the gluonic system We construct all multiplet Polyakov loops as polynomials of the fundamental Polyakov loop We demonstrate that the lowest multiplets are sensitive measurers for the temperature phase transition of the gluon field

Manfried Faber

Papers

New Family of Exotic $\Theta$-Baryons

The Road to Solving the Gribov Problem of the Center Vortex Model in Quantum Chromodynamics

Flux tubes and their interaction in U(1) lattice gauge theory

Chiral Symmetry Breaking from Center Vortices

SU(3)-multiplet sources at the phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma.