Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis.

Various studies have established that feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics. However, overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking. Thus, the objective of this work was to help researchers, biochar-stakeholders, and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product. Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points, herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties, total nutrient content, and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability. Based on the large dataset collected, it appears that pyrolysis type (fast or slow) plays a minor role in biochar physico- (inorganic) chemical characteristics; few differences were evident between production styles. Pyrolysis temperature, however, affects biochar’s longevity, with pyrolysis temperatures > 500 °C generally leading to longer-term (i.e., > 1000 years) half-lives. Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area (SSA), which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements. However, based on the collected data, it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties. Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars, which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars. Crop- and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars, which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention. The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients (e.g., N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu) based on feedstock choice and total nutrient content. Results can be used to create designer biochars to help solve environmental issues and supply a variety of plant-available nutrients for crop growth.

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Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review

Assessment of air pollution around coal mining area: Emphasizing on spatial distributions, seasonal variations and heavy metals, using cluster and principal component analysis

Fly ash-based eco-friendly geopolymer concrete: A critical review of the long-term durability properties

무우쥬스 농축액의 저장성 및 활용성 증진을 위해 역삼투압법과 박막농축법 등을 이용하여 농축한 무우쥬스 농축액의 유통 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 무우쥬스 농축액은 약간의 의사가소성을 띠는 뉴턴유체의 흐름 특성을 보여주었다. 전단속도 1000(1/S)에서의 겉보기 점도는 1번 농축구(열처리 무우쥬스, 박막 농축구)가 0.0503Pa.s, 2번 농축구(생무우쥬스, 박막농축구)가 0.0578, 3번 농축구(열처리 무우쥬스, 역삼투압 농축구)가 0.0655Pa.s 값을 각각 나타내었다. 각 농축액 항복력은 $35{\sim}65^{\circ}Bx$ 에서 $0.0001{\sim}0.0580Pa$ 범위로 아주 적은 값이어서 power law model만 갖고도 흐름 특성의 해석이 가능하였으며 또한 Arrehenius식에 의해 구한 활성화에너지는 무우쥬스 농축액의 농도가 높아질수록 2.7057에서 $4.1159{\times}10^4KJ/kg.mol$ 로 증가하였다. 【To improve preservation and utilization of radish juice concentrates, radish juice were concentrated by reverse osmosis(RO) and thin layer evaporator(TLE) and their rheological properties were investigated. Radish juice concentrates were considered as nowtonian fluids. The apparent viscosity of conc. 1 (Heat treatment radish juice, concentrated by TLE), conc. 2 (Raw radish juice, concentrated by TLE), conc. 3 (Heat treatment radish juice, concentrated by RO) were 0.0503, 0.0578 and 0.0655 Pa.s at 10(1/s), respectively. The yield stress of these concentrates were ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0580 Pa. The activation energy for the flow of the radish juice conc. 1 were increased from 2.7057 to $4.1159{\times}10^4KJ/kg.mol$ by increasing concentration of radish juice.】

무유쥬스 농축액의 Rheological Properties

Evaluation of change in biochar properties derived from different feedstock and pyrolysis temperature for environmental and agricultural application.

Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is commonly known as baobab tree native to Africa. Baobab is a multi-purpose tree which offers protection and provides food, clothing and medicine as well as raw material for many useful items. The fruit pulp, seeds, leaves, flowers, roots, and bark of baobab are edible and they have been studied by scientists for their useful properties. The fruit pulp have very high vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, carbohydrates, fibers, potassium, proteins and lipids content, which can be used in seasoning as an appetizer and also make juices. Seeds contain appreciable quantities of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, sodium, iron, manganese, whereas they have high levels of lysine, thiamine, calcium and iron. Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-malarial, diarrhoea, anaemia, asthma, antiviral, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The review summarizes the information on various aspects of traditional information, taxonomic description, medicinal properties and importantly nutritional value.

Adansonia digitata L. (baobab): a review of traditional information and taxonomic description

Fly ash (FA)-a coal combustion residue of thermal power plants has been regarded as a problematic solid waste all over the world. India has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world. Indian coal has high ash content and low calorific value. Nearly 73% of the country’s total installed power generation capacity is thermal of which coal-based generation is 90%. Some 85 thermal power stations, besides several captive power plants use bituminous and sub-bituminous coal and produce large quantities of fly ash. High ash content (30% - 50%) coal contributes to these large volumes of fly ash. Current annual production of Fly ash, a by-product from coal based thermal power plant (TPPs), is about 112 million tones (MT). Some of the problems associated with Fly ash are large area of land required for disposal and toxicity associated with heavy metal leached to groundwater. Fly ash, being treated as waste and a source of air and water pollution till recent past, is in fact a resource material and has also proven its worth over a period of time . The present paper reviews the potential applications for coal fly ash as a raw material: as a soil amelioration agent in agriculture, use, in highway embankments, in construction of bricks, as an aggregate material in Portland cement, filling of low lying areas etc in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, in the production of zeolites, in the formation of mesoporous materials, in the synthesis of geopolymers, for use as catalysts and catalyst supports, as an adsorbent for gases and waste water processes, and for the extraction of metals. Thus fly ash management is a cause of concern for the future. This article attempts to highlight the management of fly ash to make use of this solid waste, in order to save our environment.

Fly ash – waste management and overview : A Review

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An Investigation in to the Impact of Particulate Matter on Vegetation along the National Highway: A Review

Evaluation of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of black carbon aerosol mass concentration over India using three year measurements from IMD BC observation network.

Manish Kumar Jain

Papers

Evaluation of change in biochar properties derived from different feedstock and pyrolysis temperature for environmental and agricultural application.

Adansonia digitata L. (baobab): a review of traditional information and taxonomic description

Fly ash – waste management and overview : A Review

An Investigation in to the Impact of Particulate Matter on Vegetation along the National Highway: A Review

Evaluation of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of black carbon aerosol mass concentration over India using three year measurements from IMD BC observation network.