Showing papers by "Manuel Perea published in 2019"
TL;DR: An increasing number of psycholinguistic studies have adopted a megastudy approach to explore the role that different variables play in the speed and/or accuracy with which words are recognized as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An increasing number of psycholinguistic studies have adopted a megastudy approach to explore the role that different variables play in the speed and/or accuracy with which words are recognised and...
21 citations
TL;DR: The results support the idea that skilled deaf readers have a stronger connection between the orthographic and the lexical-semantic levels of processing, and show an early effect of case overlap at the N/P150 for all targets.
Abstract: It has been proposed that poor reading abilities in deaf readers might be related to weak connections between the orthographic and lexical-semantic levels of processing. Here we used event related potentials (ERPs), known for their excellent time resolution, to examine whether lexical feedback modulates early orthographic processing. Twenty congenitally deaf readers made lexical decisions to target words and pseudowords. Each of those target stimuli could be preceded by a briefly presented matched-case or mismatched-case identity prime (e.g., ALTAR-ALTAR vs. altar- ALTAR). Results showed an early effect of case overlap at the N/P150 for all targets. Critically, this effect disappeared for words but not for pseudowords, at the N250—an ERP component sensitive to orthographic processing. This dissociation in the effect of case for word and pseudowords targets provides strong evidence of early automatic lexical-semantic feedback modulating orthographic processing in deaf readers. Interestingly, despite the dissociation found in the ERP data, behavioural responses to words still benefited from the physical overlap between prime and target, particularly in less skilled readers and those with less experience with words. Overall, our results support the idea that skilled deaf readers have a stronger connection between the orthographic and the lexical-semantic levels of processing.
17 citations
TL;DR: A pattern of findings can be accommodated within those models of word recognition that assume uncertainty concerning letter identities early in word processing that is resolved over time.
Abstract: Visual similarity effects during the early stages of word processing have been consistently found for letter-like digits and symbols. However, despite its relevance for models of word recognition, evidence for letter visual-similarity effects is scarce and restricted to behavioral experiments. In two masked priming experiments, we measured event-related potential (ERP) responses to words preceded by an identical (dentist-DENTIST), a visually similar (dentjst-DENTIST), or a visually dissimilar prime (dentgst-DENTIST) to track the time course of the effects of letter visual-similarity during word processing. In the 230- to 350-ms time window, the ERPs in the visual dissimilar condition showed larger negative-going amplitudes than in the visual similar condition, which in turn behaved like the identity condition. In a later time window (400-500 ms), the visually similar condition elicited larger negative-going amplitudes than the identity condition. This pattern of findings can be accommodated within those models of word recognition that assume uncertainty concerning letter identities early in word processing that is resolved over time.
17 citations
TL;DR: Three lexical decision experiments with TL and replacement-letter pseudowords that manipulated the visual characteristics of the stimuli showed that the robustness of the TL effect suggests that letter position coding also has an orthographic abstract component.
Abstract: A plethora of studies has revealed that letter position coding is relatively flexible during word recognition (e.g., the transposed-letter [TL] pseudoword CHOLOCATE is frequently misread as CHOCOLA...
16 citations
TL;DR: Lexical decision responses were not affected by the lexical status or wordlikeness of the unrelated primes, as predicted by the Bayesian Reader model and the selective inhibition hypothesis in interactive-activation models.
Abstract: In past decades, researchers have conducted a myriad of masked priming lexical decision experiments aimed at unveiling the early processes underlying lexical access. A relatively overlooked question is whether a masked unrelated wordlike/unwordlike prime influences the processing of the target stimuli. If participants apply to the primes the same instructions as to the targets, one would predict a response congruency effect (e.g., book-TRUE faster than fiok-TRUE). Critically, the Bayesian Reader model predicts that there should be no effects of response congruency in masked priming lexical decision, whereas interactive-activation models offer more flexible predictions. We conducted 3 masked priming lexical decision experiments with 4 unrelated priming conditions differing in lexical status and wordlikeness (high-frequency word, low-frequency word, orthographically legal pseudoword, consonant string). Experiment 1 used wordlike nonwords as foils, Experiment 2 used illegal nonwords as foils, and Experiment 3 used orthographically legal hermit nonwords as foils. When the foils were orthographically legal (Experiments 1 and 3; i.e., a standard lexical decision scenario), lexical decision responses were not affected by the lexical status or wordlikeness of the unrelated primes, as predicted by the Bayesian Reader model and the selective inhibition hypothesis in interactive-activation models. When the foils were illegal (Experiment 2), consonant-string primes produced the slowest responses for word targets and the fastest responses for nonword targets. The Bayesian Reader model can capture this pattern, assuming that participants in Experiment 2 were making an orthographic legality decision (i.e., anything legal must be a word) rather than a lexical decision. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
15 citations
TL;DR: The type of stimuli modulated the direction of attentional biases to distressing information in ASD children and these results are discussed in the framework of current theories on cognitive and emotional processing in ASD.
Abstract: Previous research has shown attentional biases in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) when processing distressing information. This study examined these attentional patterns as a function of the type of stimulus (scenes and faces) and the stimulus valence (happy, sad, threatening, neutral) using a within-subject design. A dot-probe was applied to ASD (n = 24) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 24). Results showed no differences between the groups for happy and sad stimuli. Critically, ASD children showed an attentional bias toward threatening scenes but away from threatening faces. Thus, the type of stimuli modulated the direction of attentional biases to distressing information in ASD children. These results are discussed in the framework of current theories on cognitive and emotional processing in ASD.
10 citations
TL;DR: An increased tendency to utilitarian judgments in the three groups of BD patients in impersonal dilemmas relative to healthy individuals was revealed and utilitarian responses were increased during manic and depressive episodes in personal moral dilemma relative to control group.
9 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This article proposed a plausible solution to this debate: a group of independent researches should carry out a carefully planned large-scale study to investigate the effect of bilingualism on the control ejecutivo of non-linguistic representations.
Abstract: espanolUno de los temas actuales mas controvertidos en psicologia cognitiva y neurociencia cognitiva es si el bilinguismo tiene un efecto sobre el control ejecutivo de las representaciones no verbales. En su vida diaria, los bilingues tienen que alternar entre dos (o mas) idiomas que compiten por su seleccion, por lo que han de seleccionar, monitorizar e inhibir (es decir, emplear componentes de la funcion ejecutiva) con mas frecuencia que los monolingues. Por lo tanto, no seria sorprendente que estas habilidades empleadas para seleccionar/monitorear los procesos linguisticos en bilingues tambien ayudaran al procesamiento de representaciones no linguisticas. Aunque la "ventaja bilingue" en control ejecutivo (Bialystok, 1999) se ha demostrado repetidamente, varios estudios recientes, especialmente desde la publicacion del estudio de Paap y Greenberg (2013), han cuestionado este efecto. En la actualidad, tanto resultados positivos como resultados nulos se estan publicando por cada una de ambas partes, lo que dificulta el consenso en la comunidad cientifica. Proponemos una solucion plausible a este debate: que un grupo de investigadores independientes lleve a cabo un estudio cuidadosamente planificado a gran escala. EnglishWhether bilingualism has an effect on the executive function of non-verbal representations is probably one of the most controversial issues in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. As bilinguals have to alternate between two languages that compete for selection in their daily lives, they make use of selection, inhibition, and monitoring (i.e., components of executive function) more often than monolinguals. Thus, it would not be surprising that these highly trained abilities at selecting and monitoring the linguistic processes would also help the processing of non-linguistic representations. Although the “bilingual advantage” in executive control (Bialystok, 1999) has been repeatedly demonstrated, a number of recent studies—in particular since the publication of the Paap and Greenberg (2013) study—have questioned this effect. Both positive and null findings are currently being published from each of the two sides, thus making it difficult to reach consensus in the scientific community. Here, we propose a plausible solution to this debate: a group of independent researches should carry out a carefully planned large-scale study.
3 citations